Table 3.

Multivariable Cox Regression Models^* of Relation of Vascular Biomarkers to Cardiovascular Outcome Stratified According to Diabetes and Hypertension Status

Vascular Biomarker	No HTN or DM HR (95% CIs)	p Value	HTN Alone HR (95% CIs)	p Value	DM Alone HR (95% CIs)	p Value	HTN and DM HR(95%CIs)	p Value
IMT, per SD
Age-sex adjusted model	1.29 (1.05–1.59)	0.017	0.95 (0.78–1.16)	0.616	1.16 (0.98–1.38)	0.087	0.96 (0.84–1.10)	0.576
Multivariable model	1.26 (1.01–1.57)	0.041	0.96 (0.78–1.17)	0.681	1.10 (0.92–1.31)	0.311	0.96 (0.84–1.10)	0.555
Arterial mass, SD
Age-sex adjusted model	1.42 (1.15–1.74)	0.001	1.16 (0.95–1.42)	0.142	1.16 (0.97–1.39)	0.103	1.06 (0.91–1.22)	0.463
Multivariable model	1.39 (1.11–1.73)	0.004	1.11 (0.90–1.36)	0.331	1.12 (0.92–1.36)	0.270	1.04 (0.90–1.22)	0.558
Atherosclerotic plaque
Age-sex adjusted model	2.53 (1.39–4.60)	0.002	1.79 (1.07–3.00)	0.026	1.71 (1.08–2.72)	0.023	2.66 (1.87–3.79)	<0.001
Multivariable model	2.26 (1.25–4.10)	0.007	1.74 (1.06–2.86)	0.030	1.26 (0.80–1.99)	0.319	2.14 (1.50–3.01)	<0.001
Plaque score, per segment
Age-sex adjusted model	1.42 (1.23–1.63)	<0.001	1.21 (1.083–1.36)	<0.001	1.30 (1.14–1.48)	<0.001	1.34 (1.25–1.44)	<0.001
Multivariable model	1.41 (1.23–1.63)	<0.001	1.17 (1.05–1.30)	0.006	1.26 (1.10–1.43)	0.001	1.22 (1.13–1.31)	<0.001

Abbreviations: HR=hazard ratio; CI=confidence interval; HTN=hypertension; DM=diabetes mellitus; IMT=intimal-medial thickness; SD=standard deviation

^*Multivariable models are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, current smoking, non-HDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. The non-hypertensive groups are additionally adjusted for systolic blood pressure and the non-diabetic groups are additionally adjusted for fasting glucose.