TABLE 4.
Association of hematological status with mortality and HIV disease progression among TB-infected patients in Tanzania1
| Hematological status2 | Events, n/person-mo | Unadjusted model RR (95% CI) | Multivariate model RR (95% CI)3 |
| Mortality | |||
| All patients | |||
| No anemia or iron deficiency | 38/18,483 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Iron deficiency without anemia | 21/6126 | 1.52 (0.89, 2.60) | 2.89 (1.53, 5.47) |
| Anemia without iron deficiency | 52/3194 | 6.98 (4.55, 10.72) | 2.72 (1.50, 4.93) |
| Iron deficiency anemia | 35/4657 | 3.40 (2.13, 5.41) | 2.13 (1.10, 4.11) |
| HIV-infected patients4 | |||
| No anemia or iron deficiency | 34/6419 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Iron deficiency without anemia | 15/1686 | 1.64 (0.89, 3.00) | 2.78 (1.33, 5.81) |
| Anemia without iron deficiency | 50/2479 | 3.75 (2.41, 5.83) | 2.53 (1.36, 4.68) |
| Iron deficiency anemia | 33/2689 | 2.34 (1.44, 3.80) | 1.99 (1.01, 3.93) |
| HIV-uninfected patients4 | |||
| No anemia or iron deficiency | 4/12,064 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Iron deficiency without anemia | 6/4441 | 3.82 (1.07, 13.55) | 3.79 (1.04, 13.79) |
| Anemia without iron deficiency | 2/714 | 8.77 (1.60, 48.07) | 6.19 (1.03, 37.08) |
| Iron deficiency anemia | 2/1969 | 3.06 (0.56, 16.71) | 3.81 (0.64, 22.57) |
| HIV progression5 | |||
| No anemia or iron deficiency | 26/4698 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Iron deficiency without anemia | 13/959 | 2.50 (1.28, 4.91) | 3.72 (1.71, 8.10) |
| Anemia without iron deficiency | 26/1671 | 3.11 (1.78, 5.44) | 3.55 (1.73, 7.31) |
| Iron deficiency anemia | 22/2094 | 1.93 (1.08, 3.45) | 2.99 (1.44, 6.23) |
| HIV progression or death5 | |||
| No anemia or iron deficiency | 37/4273 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Iron deficiency without anemia | 16/824 | 2.07 (1.15, 3.73) | 3.51 (1.62, 7.59) |
| Anemia without iron deficiency | 46/1495 | 3.77 (2.42, 5.89) | 4.13 (2.07, 8.25) |
| Iron deficiency anemia | 37/1927 | 2.38 (1.49, 3.79) | 3.40 (1.69, 6.86) |
Hb, hemoglobin; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; TB, tuberculosis.
Hematological status was categorized as no anemia or iron deficiency: Hb ≥110 g/L and MCV ≥80 fL; iron deficiency without anemia: Hb ≥110 g/L and MCV <80 fL; anemia without iron deficiency: Hb <110 g/L and MCV ≥80 fL; and iron deficiency anemia: Hb <110 g/L and MCV <80 fL.
Adjusted RR from a log-binomial regression model adjusting for sex, age (years via cubic splines), money spent on food (<500, ≥500 Tanzanian shillings spent/person/d), number of colonies in AFB culture (0, 1–100, >100 colonies), Karnfosky score (<70%, ≥70%), BMI (kg/m2 via cubic splines), previous TB disease (yes/no), HIV status, CD4 cell count (cells/mm3 via cubic splines), log HIV RNA (copies/mm4 via cubic splines), malaria infection (yes/no), and trial regimen.
P, test for interaction by HIV status for mortality endpoint = 0.83.
Among patients classified as WHO stage 3 at baseline.