TABLE 2.
Age-adjusted and multivariate RRs and 95% CIs of colon cancer according to cumulative alcohol intake and family history of colorectal cancer1
| Alcohol consumption |
|||||||
| None | 0.1 to <5 g/d | 5.0 to <10 g/d | 10 to <15 g/d | 15 to <30 g/d | ≥30 g/d | P-trend | |
| Total | |||||||
| NHS | |||||||
| No. of cases | 213 | 506 | 127 | 108 | 92 | 48 | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 1.29 (1.10, 1.51) | 1.03 (0.82, 1.28) | 1.36 (1.08, 1.71) | 1.09 (0.85, 1.40) | 1.37 (1.00, 1.87) | 0.47 |
| Multivariate2 | 1.00 | 1.32 (1.12, 1.56) | 1.09 (0.87, 1.36) | 1.43 (1.13, 1.82) | 1.11 (0.86, 1.43) | 1.30 (0.94, 1.80) | 0.69 |
| HPFS | |||||||
| No. of cases | 126 | 172 | 106 | 87 | 109 | 107 | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.77, 1.22) | 1.05 (0.81, 1.37) | 1.07 (0.81, 1.41) | 1.11 (0.85, 1.43) | 1.51 (1.16, 1.96) | 0.0003 |
| Multivariate2 | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.78, 1.25) | 1.07 (0.82, 1.39) | 1.08 (0.82, 1.44) | 1.11 (0.85, 1.45) | 1.40 (1.06, 1.85) | 0.006 |
| Pooled multivariate | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.87, 1.54) | 1.08 (0.91, 1.28) | 1.26 (0.96, 1.66) | 1.11 (0.92, 1.33) | 1.36 (1.10, 1.68) | 0.14 |
| No family history | |||||||
| NHS | |||||||
| No. of cases | 168 | 377 | 95 | 91 | 72 | 31 | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 1.22 (1.0, 1.46) | 1.00 (0.77, 1.28) | 1.47 (1.14, 1.90) | 1.10 (0.83, 1.44) | 1.12 (0.75, 1.64) | 0.74 |
| Multivariate2 | 1.00 | 1.27 (1.05, 1.52) | 1.07 (0.83, 1.39) | 1.58 (1.22, 2.06) | 1.15 (0.86, 1.53) | 1.12 (0.75, 1.66) | 0.72 |
| HPFS | |||||||
| No. of cases | 100 | 133 | 87 | 63 | 80 | 80 | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.73, 1.23) | 1.09 (0.81, 1.46) | 0.97 (0.70, 1.33) | 1.01 (0.75, 1.36) | 1.39 (1.03, 1.87) | 0.02 |
| Multivariate2 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.75, 1.28) | 1.13 (0.84, 1.52) | 1.00 (0.72, 1.39) | 1.03 (0.76, 1.40) | 1.30 (0.95, 1.79) | 0.08 |
| Pooled multivariate | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.88, 1.45) | 1.10 (0.90, 1.33) | 1.27 (0.81, 2.00) | 1.09 (0.88, 1.35) | 1.23 (0.96, 1.57)3 | 0.12 |
| With family history | |||||||
| NHS | |||||||
| No. of cases | 45 | 129 | 32 | 17 | 20 | 17 | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 1.58 (1.12, 2.23) | 1.20 (0.75, 1.88) | 0.99 (0.56, 1.73) | 1.12 (0.65, 1.91) | 2.38 (1.34, 4.23) | 0.36 |
| Multivariate2 | 1.00 | 1.59 (1.12, 2.27) | 1.20 (0.75, 1.93) | 0.99 (0.55, 1.77) | 1.08 (0.62, 1.87) | 2.03 (1.11, 3.71) | 0.69 |
| HPFS | |||||||
| No. of cases | 26 | 39 | 19 | 24 | 29 | 27 | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.66, 1.95) | 0.91 (0.49, 1.70) | 1.63 (0.89, 2.96) | 1.56 (0.88, 2.76) | 2.37 (1.31, 4.29) | 0.0006 |
| Multivariate2 | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.63, 1.91) | 0.83 (0.43, 1.59) | 1.49 (0.79, 2.81) | 1.40 (0.76, 2.55) | 2.01 (1.06, 3.79) | 0.009 |
| Pooled multivariate | 1.00 | 1.41 (1.00, 1.99) | 1.06 (0.72, 1.55) | 1.19 (0.78, 1.83) | 1.21 (0.81, 1.82) | 2.02 (1.30, 3.13)3 | 0.15 |
HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study.
Multivariate analysis was stratified by age in months at the start of follow-up and calendar year of the current questionnaire cycle and was simultaneously adjusted for the following: pack-years of smoking before age 30 y (never smoker; 1–4, 5–10, or ≥11 y of smoking), BMI (in kg/m2; <23, 23 to <25, 25 to <30, 30 to <35, or ≥35), history of endoscopy (yes or no), use of aspirin (never; past; current use of 1–2, 3–5, 6–14, or ≥15 tablets/wk), and intakes of energy (continuous), calcium (continuous), folate (<250, 250 to <400, 400 to <600, 600 to <800, or ≥800 μg/d), and red meat (quintiles). In the NHS, information on menopausal status and use of postmenopausal hormone therapy (premenopausal, never, past, or current) were also adjusted for. Family history of colorectal cancer in parents and siblings (yes or no) was adjusted only for analysis of total colon cancer cases.
P value test for difference by family history = 0.05 for alcohol consumption of ≥30 g/d by using a Wald test.