TABLE 3.
Multivariate RRs and 95% CIs of proximal and distal colon cancer according to cumulative alcohol intake and family history of colorectal cancer1
| Alcohol consumption |
|||||
| None | 0.1 to <5 g/d | 5.0 to <15 g/d | ≥15 g/d | P-trend | |
| Proximal colon cancer | |||||
| No family history | |||||
| NHS (n = 498) | 1.00 | 1.26 (0.98, 1.61) | 1.34 (1.01, 1.78) | 1.27 (0.91, 1.77) | 0.42 |
| HPFS (n = 258) | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.57, 1.20) | 0.87 (0.60, 1.26) | 0.85 (0.58, 1.25) | 0.68 |
| Pooled | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.70, 1.57) | 1.10 (0.72, 1.67) | 1.05 (0.71, 1.56)2 | 0.76 |
| With family history | |||||
| NHS (n = 152) | 1.00 | 1.88 (1.17, 3.01) | 1.05 (0.59, 1.87) | 1.07 (0.55, 2.08) | 0.13 |
| HPFS (n = 94) | 1.00 | 0.70 (0.34, 1.45) | 0.66 (0.33, 1.32) | 1.02 (0.50, 2.06) | 0.35 |
| Pooled | 1.00 | 1.19 (0.46, 3.13) | 0.87 (0.55, 1.36) | 1.05 (0.65, 1.69)2 | 0.81 |
| Distal colon cancer | |||||
| No family history | |||||
| NHS (n = 336) | 1.00 | 1.28 (0.96, 1.69) | 1.18 (0.84, 1.65) | 0.93 (0.61, 1.42) | 0.25 |
| HPFS (n = 260) | 1.00 | 1.25 (0.84, 1.87) | 1.39 (0.93, 2.06) | 1.45 (0.97, 2.18) | 0.13 |
| Pooled | 1.00 | 1.27 (1.01, 1.60) | 1.26 (0.97, 1.63) | 1.17 (0.76, 1.80)3 | 0.92 |
| With family history | |||||
| NHS (n = 108) | 1.00 | 1.27 (0.74, 2.19) | 1.20 (0.63, 2.28) | 1.71 (0.88, 3.34) | 0.19 |
| HPFS (n = 67) | 1.00 | 2.38 (0.82, 6.90) | 3.25 (1.10, 9.60) | 4.00 (1.37, 11.70) | 0.04 |
| Pooled | 1.00 | 1.46 (0.88, 2.43) | 1.79 (0.69, 4.67) | 2.35 (1.05, 5.26)3 | 0.02 |
RR was stratified by age in months at start of follow-up and calendar year of the current questionnaire cycle and was simultaneously adjusted for the following: pack-years of smoking before age 30 y (never smoker; 1–4, 5–10, or ≥11 y of smoking), BMI (in kg/m2; <23, 23 to <25, 25 to <30, 30 to <35, or ≥35), history of endoscopy (yes or no), use of aspirin (never; past; current use of 1–2, 3–5, 6–14, or ≥15 tablets/wk), and intakes of energy (continuous), calcium (continuous), folate (<250, 250 to <400, 400 to <600, 600 to <800, or ≥800 μg/d), and red meat (quintiles). In the NHS, information on menopausal status and use of postmenopausal hormone (premenopausal, never, past, or current) was also adjusted for. HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study.
P value test for difference by family history = 0.98 for alcohol consumption of ≥30 g/d and proximal colon cancer by using a Wald test.
P value test for difference by family history = 0.13 for alcohol consumption of ≥30 g/d and distal colon cancer by using a Wald test.