TABLE 1.

Distribution of exposure and outcome variables by sex across categories of family income and maternal education¹

	Percentage of cesarean sections in 1982 cohort (n = 5914)		Percentage of cesarean sections in 1993 cohort (n = 5249)		Percentage of cesarean sections in 2004 cohort (n = 4231)		Percentage of obesity in 4-y-olds in 1982 cohort (n = 4742)		Percentage of obesity in 4-y-olds in 1993 cohort (n = 1237)		Percentage of obesity in 4-y-olds in 2004 cohort (n = 3756)		Percentage of obesity in 11-y-olds in 1993 cohort (n = 4100)		Percentage of obesity in 15-y-olds in 1993 cohort (n = 4349)		Percentage of obesity in 23-y-olds in 1982 cohort (n = 4297)
Socioeconomic indicators	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F
Total	27.2	27.3	30.4	30.7	46.9	43.9	8.9	6.7	12.8	9.8	12.7	12.0	13.2	8.2	10.2	7.2	7.5	9.1
Family income at birth
1 (poorest)	19.0	14.7	21.8	25.6	41.1	35.8	6.1	4.4	8.1	3.7	9.8	7.6	6.8	6.6	4.2	6.6	6.0	9.9
2	23.2	24.9	22.9	22.8	36.3	34.2	8.9	4.0	14.2	6.9	10.5	9.9	10.3	9.8	11.0	7.4	4.9	13.5
3	21.7	21.9	26.5	27.7	44.2	40.3	6.7	4.9	7.1	11.7	11.7	13.6	12.0	6.3	10.0	6.0	7.6	8.9
4	32.9	30.5	36.0	30.1	46.4	47.3	9.2	10.9	16.1	9.5	16.3	13.4	17.9	10.2	12.3	9.9	10.7	9.0
5 (wealthiest)	43.4	43.3	47.4	47.0	65.9	63.3	14.0	9.0	16.3	17.0	15.0	15.5	19.9	7.2	13.0	5.7	8.2	4.1
P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.011	<0.001	0.021	0.009	<0.001	0.701	<0.001	0.859	0.009	<0.001
Maternal schooling
0 y	17.9	13.6	19.0	11.1	22.2	32.0	10.3	3.6	0.0	10.2	6.3	—	4.8	0.0	4.8	2.0	0.0	14.7
1–4 y	21.1	20.2	22.5	23.9	32.0	30.4	6.5	5.8	7.5	6.0	6.6	9.4	8.4	7.9	8.5	7.6	6.9	11.2
5–8 y	26.6	25.6	26.1	28.6	40.3	35.4	8.3	6.2	13.7	9.2	10.8	10.8	13.9	8.2	10.3	7.7	8.0	9.7
≥9 y	40.2	40.2	46.4	43.5	57.9	56.3	12.7	9.0	15.7	14.8	16.6	14.4	17.1	9.3	12.4	6.3	9.0	4.8
P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.003	0.009	0.003	0.043	<0.001	0.026	<0.001	0.094	0.022	0.867	0.007	<0.001

¹P values refer to chi-square tests for trends.