Figure 5. Schematic illustration of VIRG effects on glucose metabolism between control and LPS-challenged hosts.

(i) LPS increased intestinal gluconeogenesis by up-regulating PEPCK; (ii) mobilized glucose increased liver glycolytic activities through ENO2 up-regulation; (iii) CS down-regulation reduced utilization of glycolytic substrates by the TCA cycle for energy; (iv) ACLY, ME and FAS up-regulations increased liver fatty acid biosynthesis from high liver citrate.