Table 1.

Demographic data

	Groups				Statistics
	HC (n = 45)	CVD (n = 157)	LLD (n = 43)	LLD + CVD (n = 90)	F (p value)	Post hoc
Age (years)	81.41 ± 3.89	81.02 ± 4.22	80.53 ± 3.28	81.80 ± 4.67	1.13 (0.34)	–
Education (years)	5.23 ± 4.01	5.93 ± 5.14	4.79 ± 3.98	3.53 ± 3.98	5.34 (0.001)	CVD > LLD + CVD (p = 0.001)
MMSE score	24.73 ± 3.03	24.78 ± 2.55	24.35 ± 2.57	23.72 ± 3.16	2.92 (0.03)	CVD > LLD + CVD (p = 0.045)
GDS	2.25 ± 1.87	2.44 ± 1.31	7.47 ± 1.81	6.83 ± 2.60	121.43 (<0.0005)	LLD, LLD + CVD > HC, CVD (p < 0.0005)

Data are means ± SD

SD standard deviation, CVD elderly men with cardiovascular disease, LLD elderly men with late-life depression, LLD + CVD elderly men with late-life depression comorbid with cardiovascular disease, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale