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Steady state fluorescence spectra of dye 4 (black line is [4] = 10−6 M in water (λexc = 413 nm (free base)), red line is [4] = 10−5 M (λexc (dianion) = 434 nm), and green and blue lines are [4] = 10−5 M for J-aggregated species without and with polymer (λexc = 490 nm), respectively, at room temperature.
