Skip to main content
. 2011 Feb 24;67A(1):74–81. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glr022

Table 2.

Linear Regression Models Exploring the Association of Glucose (per mg/dL) and Insulin (per μU/mL) Measurements From OGTT With Midthigh Muscle CSA (mm2), Standardized to Body Weight (kg), Among Adults Without Diabetes

Model 1, Demographics*
 Model 2, Height*
 Model 3, Physical Activity*
 Model 4, Neuropathy*
β ± SE p β ± SE p β ± SE p β ± SE p
Glucose
    Fasting −0.51 ± 0.11 <.001 −0.53 ± 0.11 <.001 −0.51 ± 0.11 <.001 −0.48 ± 0.12 <.001
    5 min −0.22 ± 0.08 .005 −0.23 ± 0.08 .003 −0.20 ± 0.08 .01 −0.16 ± 0.09 .07
    10 min −0.11 ± 0.06 .07 −0.12 ± 0.06 .05 −0.10 ± 0.06 .12 −0.09 ± 0.07 .19
    15 min −0.14 ± 0.05 .009 −0.15 ± 0.05 .005 −0.12 ± 0.05 .02 −0.11 ± 0.06 .06
    20 min −0.11 ± 0.04 .02 −0.12 ± 0.05 .01 −0.10 ± 0.05 .03 −0.09 ± 0.05 .06
    40 min −0.11 ± 0.03 <.001 −0.12 ± 0.03 <.001 −0.11 ± 0.03 <.001 −0.10 ± 0.03 .005
    60 min −0.08 ± 0.02 .001 −0.09 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.09 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.08 ± 0.03 .003
    80 min −0.08 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.10 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.10 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.09 ± 0.03 <.001
    100 min −0.09 ± 0.03 <.001 −0.11 ± 0.03 <.001 −0.11 ± 0.03 <.001 −0.09 ± 0.03 .002
    120 min −0.11 ± 0.03 <.001 −0.13 ± 0.03 <.001 −0.12 ± 0.03 <.001 −0.10 ± 0.04 .002
Insulin
    Fasting −0.77 ± 0.13 <.001 −0.73 ± 0.13 <.001 −0.71 ± 0.13 <.001 −0.60 ± 0.15 <.001
    5 min −0.22 ± 0.11 .05 −0.20 ± 0.11 .07 −0.15 ± 0.11 .18 −0.06 ± 0.13 .67
    10 min −0.14 ± 0.08 .09 −0.14 ± 0.08 .08 −0.10 ± 0.08 .20 −0.06 ± 0.10 .51
    15 min −0.14 ± 0.06 .02 −0.14 ± 0.06 .01 −0.12 ± 0.06 .04 −0.09 ± 0.08 .25
    20 min −0.12 ± 0.03 <.001 −0.12 ± 0.03 <.001 −0.11 ± 0.03 <.001 −0.10 ± 0.03 .002
    40 min −0.09 ± 0.03 .001 −0.09 ± 0.03 .001 −0.08 ± 0.03 .005 −0.06 ± 0.03 .05
    60 min −0.09 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.09 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.09 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.08 ± 0.02 <.001
    80 min −0.10 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.11 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.11 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.10 ± 0.02 <.001
    100 min −0.09 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.10 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.10 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.09 ± 0.02 <.001
    120 min −0.09 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.10 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.10 ± 0.02 <.001 −0.10 ± 0.02 <.001
HOMA-IR −3.32 ± 0.56 <.001 −3.21 ± 0.55 <.001 −3.06 ± 0.56 <.001 −2.70 ± 0.63 <.001
Integrated glucose area −0.001 ± 0.0003 <.001 −0.001 ± 0.0003 <.001 −0.001 ± 0.0003 <.001 −0.001 ± 0.0003 <.001
Integrated insulin area −0.001 ± 0.0002 <.001 −0.001 ± 0.0002 <.001 −0.001 ± 0.0002 <.001 −0.001 ± 0.0002 <.001
Matsuda index 2.02 ± 0.26 <.001 2.04 ± 0.25 <.001 1.98 ± 0.25 <.001 2.00 ± 0.30 <.001

Notes: CSA = cross-sectional area; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; OGTT = oral glucose tolerance test.

*

Model 1: adjusted for demographics (age, sex, race); model 2: adjusted for model 1 + height; model 3: adjusted for model 2 + physical activity (high intensity and walking); model 4: adjusted for model 3 + neuropathy (peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity).