Table 3.
Bayesian Model Averaging for Linear Regression Models Exploring the Association of Glucose (per mg/dL) and Insulin (per μU/mL) Measurements From OGTT and Covariates With Midthigh Muscle CSA (mm2), Standardized to Body Weight (kg), Among Individuals Without Diabetes
| Model 1, Demographics* |
Model 2, Height* |
Model 3, Physical Activity* |
Model 4, Neuropathy* |
|||||
| β ± SE | %† | β ± SE | %† | β ± SE | %† | β ± SE | %† | |
| Glucose | ||||||||
| Fasting | −0.05 ± 0.14 | 16.6 | −0.03 ± 0.10 | 12.2 | −0.03 ± 0.10 | 11.7 | −0.03 ± 0.10 | 11.7 |
| 5 min | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 10 min | 0.008 ± 0.04 | 7.2 | 0.008 ± 0.04 | 7.2 | 0.007 ± 0.03 | 6.9 | 0.007 ± 0.03 | 6.9 |
| 15 min | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 20 min | 0.009 ± 0.04 | 9.3 | 0.002 ± 0.1 | 3.9 | 0.002 ± 0.02 | 4.6 | 0.002 ± 0.02 | 4.6 |
| 40 min | 0.001 ± 0.01 | 3.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 60 min | 0.0006 ± 0.007 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 80 min | 0 | 0 | −0.0009 ± 0.008 | 3.8 | −0.0006 ± 0.006 | 2.5 | −0.0006 ± 0.006 | 2.5 |
| 100 min | −0.0004 ± 0.006 | 3.0 | −0.001 ± 0.008 | 3.9 | −0.0007 ± 0.007 | 2.6 | −0.0006 ± 0.006 | 2.6 |
| 120 min | 0.0003 ± 0.007 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Insulin‡ | ||||||||
| Fasting | 0 | 0 | 0.004 ± 0.05 | 3.2 | 0.002 ± 0.04 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 |
| 20 min | 0.001 ± 0.01 | 3.9 | 0.002 ± 0.01 | 4.2 | 0.002 ± 0.01 | 4.9 | 0.002 ± 0.01 | 4.9 |
| 120 min | −0.0003 ± 0.005 | 3.0 | −0.001 ± 0.008 | 4.7 | −0.001 ± 0.008 | 5.1 | −0.001 ± 0.008 | 5.1 |
| HOMA-IR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Integrated glucose area | 0 | 0 | −0.000003 ± 0.00007 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Integrated insulin area | −0.000003 ± 0.00006 | 2.9 | −0.000008 ± 0.00007 | 3.6 | −0.000005 ± 0.00006 | 2.4 | −0.000005 ± 0.00006 | 2.4 |
| Matsuda index | 1.96 ± 0.34 | >99 | 1.98 ± 0.34 | >99 | 1.98 ± 0.34 | >99 | 1.98 ± 0.34 | >99 |
| Age (per y) | −0.97 ± 0.10 | >99 | −1.01 ± 0.10 | >99 | −1.09 ± 0.10 | >99 | −1.09 ± 0.10 | >99 |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Female | −29.33 ± 2.29 | >99 | −40.93 ± 3.30 | >99 | −40.62 ± 3.31 | >99 | −40.62 ± 3.31 | >99 |
| Race | ||||||||
| Black | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| White | −11.38 ± 2.35 | >99 | −10.55 ± 2.28 | >99 | −10.59 ± 2.28 | >99 | −10.59 ± 2.28 | >99 |
| Height (per cm) | — | — | −0.86 ± 0.18 | >99 | −0.87 ± 0.18 | >99 | −0.87 ± 0.18 | >99 |
| High intensity activity/walking (per kcal/wk) | — | — | — | — | 0.0005 ± 0.0008 | 36.1 | 0.0005 ± 0.0008 | 36.0 |
| Peroneal motor NCV (per m/s) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.004 ± 0.05 | 2.4 |
Notes: CSA = cross-sectional area; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; OGTT = oral glucose tolerance test.
Model 1: adjusted for demographics (age, sex, race); model 2: adjusted for model 1 + height; model 3: adjusted for model 2 + physical activity (high intensity and walking); model 4: adjusted for model 3 + neuropathy (peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity).
Represents probability of each OGTT measurement or covariate being included in linear regression models.
Insulin measurements at other time points not collected on all individuals so excluded from this analysis.