Accumulation and activation of T cells and DCs in WT and TLR9−/− mice after SC challenge. WT and TLR9−/− mice were sensitized and challenged with SC, and lungs were harvested at day 2. Lung collagenase digests were performed, and total number of CD4+ T cells (A), activated CD4+ T cells (B), total number of CD8+ T cells (C), activated CD8+ T cells (D), total number of DCs [both myeoloid dendritic cell (mDC) (E) and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) (F)], as well as activated mDCs indicated by expression of costimulatory marker CD80 (G) and CD40 (H) were measured by flow cytometry. N = 6 to 8 in each group; experiments were performed twice. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 compared with untreated controls; **P < 0.05 compared with WT mice after SC.