Table 1.

Urinary bacterial adhesion to T24 cells expressed as Adhesion Index (AI) following consumption of increasing doses of cranberry powder of proanthocyanidins (PACs) with or without propolis vs. placebo. The results are representative of at least three independent trials

AI Median [Range]
PAC* (mg)	-	36	60	60	60	72	90	120	144
Propolis (mg)	-	-	-	170	192	-	255	340	-
4-6 h	21.5 [15-28]	10.5 [5-16]	4.7 [0-13]	3.0 [0-8]	3.5 [0-10]	5.9 [1-11]	2.1 [0-7]	1.3 [0-6]	2.5 [1-6]
12 h	22.5 [16-30]	14.4 [8-19]	12.6 [5-18]	13.7 [5-25]	7.5 [0-14]	5.9 [1-9]	2.9 [15-5]	1.8 [0-6]	ND
24 h	22.3 [15-29]	16.0 [10-22]	21.5 [15-26]	17.1 [12-29]	18.5 [10-25]	14.5 [2-25]	17.4 [10-25]	3.5 [0-10]	9.9 [2-15]
Reference	This study	[17, 23]	This study	This study	This study	[17,23]	This study	This study	[23]

*Expressed as vanillin-H₂SO₄ equivalents

Range of values are indicated into [square brackets]

ND not determined