Table 2.
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for esophageal and stomach adenocarcinoma associated with heme, meat iron, and total dietary iron intake
| Esophageala | Stomachb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| controls | cases | OR | 95% CI | cases | OR | 95% CI | |
| Heme iron (mcg/day) | |||||||
| 98-<660 | 112 | 19 | 1.0 | 21 | 1.0 | ||
| 660-<1038 | 112 | 26 | 1.20 | (0.56–2.55) | 40 | 2.15 | (1.15–4.02) |
| 1038-<1440 | 112 | 35 | 1.89 | (0.88–4.08) | 47 | 2.38 | (1.26–4.52) |
| 1440+ | 113 | 44 | 3.04 | (1.20–7.72) | 46 | 1.99 | (1.00–3.95) |
| P–trend | 0.01 | 0.17 | |||||
| OR per mg/day | 1.25 | (0.70–2.23) | 1.24 | (0.97–1.58) | |||
| Meat iron (mcg/day) | |||||||
| 589-<2489 | 113 | 19 | 1.0 | 23 | 1.0 | ||
| 2489-<3802 | 112 | 29 | 1.38 | (0.66–2.90) | 44 | 2.32 | (1.26–4.25) |
| 3802-<5309 | 112 | 32 | 1.64 | (0.74–3.61) | 37 | 1.66 | (0.87–3.15) |
| 5309+ | 112 | 44 | 2.67 | (0.99–7.16) | 50 | 2.26 | (1.14–4.46) |
| P–trend | 0.05 | 0.11 | |||||
| OR per mg/day | 1.07 | (0.86–1.34) | 1.06 | (0.98–1.16) | |||
| Total iron (mg/day) | |||||||
| <10.6 | 113 | 26 | 1.0 | 29 | 1.0 | ||
| 10.6-<13.4 | 112 | 24 | 0.73 | (0.35–1.53) | 31 | 1.24 | (0.66–2.32) |
| 13.4-<17.3 | 112 | 39 | 1.40 | (0.62–3.20) | 49 | 1.67 | (0.87–3.18) |
| 17.3+ | 112 | 35 | 1.67 | (0.51–5.44) | 45 | 1.71 | (0.75–3.18) |
| P-trend | 0.31 | 0.21 | |||||
| OR per mg/day | 1.03 | (0.91–1.19) | 1.03 | (0.98–1.08) | |||
a
adjusted for year of birth, gender, cigarettes/day, (none, <30/day, 30+/day), quartiles of body mass index, continuous intake of retinoic acid, folate, riboflavin, zinc, carbohydrate, protein, total calories.
b
adjusted for year of birth, gender, cigarettes (never, <30/day, 30+/day), education (<high school, high school graduate, some college/vocational school; college graduate/post–graduate), vitamin C, fiber, carbohydrate, total calories.
All models are additionally adjusted for other meat to so that the variables in the model sum to total intake (red and white meats).