Cells were collected, washed and placed in chambers or on plates devoid of nutrients to induce chemotaxis and development. (A) Wild-type cells were observed undergoing chemotactic streaming, while beta null (β-) cells remained as individual cells. Scale bar, 100μm. (B) After incubation on starvation plates, wild-type cells developed into fruiting bodies and beta null cells failed to develop, progressing only to the tipped aggregate stage of development. Scale bar, 1mm.