Table 4.
Multivariable analysis of factors influencing outcome in patients treated A conservatively or B operatively
| Variable | OMAS | AOFAS | VAS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta (95% CI) | P | Beta (95% CI) | P | Beta (95%CI) | P | |
| A Conservatively treated patients | ||||||
| Follow-up duration | 0.021 (−0.184; 0.220) | 0.859 | 0.112 (−0.117; 0.333) | 0.341 | 0.114 (−0.012; 0.034) | 0.344 |
| Age | −0.288 (−0.621; −0.044) | 0.025 | −0.152 (−0.518; 0.123) | 0.224 | −0.124 (−0.049; 0.016) | 0.327 |
| Gender | 0.072 (−6.562; 11.257) | 0.600 | −0.060 (−12.107; 7.713) | 0.443 | 0.0522 (−0.814; 1.193) | 0.708 |
| Affected side | −0.198 (−13.876; 1.108) | 0.094 | −0.241 (−17.109; −0.442) | 0.039 | −0.170 (−1.460; 0.228) | 0.150 |
| Number of malleoli | −0.206 (−18.053; 0.941) | 0.077 | −0.149 (−17.693; 3.677) | 0.195 | −0.113 (−1.616; 0.562) | 0.338 |
| Pre-MCS | 0.098 (−4.034; 8.878) | 0.456 | −0.019 (−7.007; 6.662) | 0.886 | 0.020 (−0.672; 0.783) | 0.879 |
| Pre-Mueller | −0.209 (−8.129; 0.662) | 0.095 | −0.212 (−9.160; 0.618) | 0.086 | −0.276 (−1.046; −0.055) | 0.030 |
| BMI | −0.179 (−1.222; 0.160) | 0.130 | −0.360 (−1.973; −0.436) | 0.003 | −0.215 (−0.149; 0.006) | 0.072 |
| Smoking | −0.217 (−16.314; 0.567) | 0.067 | −0.170 (−16.351; 2.425) | 0.143 | −0.086 (−1.302; 0.600) | 0.464 |
| Diabetes | 0.029 (−14.646; 18.760) | 0.807 | 0.076 (−12.458; 24.700) | 0.513 | −0.126 (−2.888; 0.875) | 0.289 |
| Immobilization duration | −0.371 (−4.476; -0.849) | 0.004 | −0.076 (−2.636; 1.398) | 0.542 | −0.247 (−0.403; 0.006) | 0.057 |
| B Operatively treated patients | ||||||
| Follow-up duration | −0.089 (−0.324; 0.064) | 0.513 | −0.089 (−0.341; 0.173) | 0.517 | −0.005 (−0.022; 0.021) | 0.972 |
| Age | −0.073 (−0.436; 0.252) | 0.595 | −0.058 (−0.438; 0.287) | 0.679 | −0.096 (−0.041; 0.020) | 0.489 |
| Gender | 0.065 (−6.895; 11.573) | 0.614 | 0.164 (−3.601; 15.872) | 0.212 | 0.056 (−0.639; 0.990) | 0.668 |
| Affected side | −0.141 (−13.503; 3.706) | 0.259 | −0.105 (−12.881; 5.264) | 0.404 | −0.145 (−1.202; 0.317) | 0.249 |
| Luxation | −0.087 (−52.265; 26.028) | 0.505 | 0.086 (−27.743; 54.808) | 0.515 | 0.184 (−1.006; 5.903) | 0.162 |
| Number of malleoli | −0.191 (−13.527; 1.593) | 0.120 | −0.229 (−15.361; 0.447) | 0.064 | −0.190 (−1.189; 0.145) | 0.123 |
| Pre-MCS | 0.057 (−1.384; 2.091) | 0.685 | 0.091 (−1.248; 2.415) | 0.526 | 0.032 (−0.136; 0.171) | 0.822 |
| Pre-Mueller | 0.141 (−1.612; 5.188) | 0.297 | −0.002 (−3.606; 3.564) | 0.991 | −0.02 (−0.322; 0.278) | 0.883 |
| Post-MCS | 0.048 (−3.796; 5.659) | 0.695 | −0.08 (−6.583; 3.385) | 0.524 | −0.101 (−0.588; 0.247) | 0.417 |
| Post-Mueller | −0.158 (−15.490; 3.534) | 0.214 | 0.066 (−7.412; 12.647) | 0.604 | −0.021 (−0.908; 0.771) | 0.871 |
| BMI | −0.209 (−1.921; 0.307) | 0.153 | −0.198 (−1.971; 0.379) | 0.181 | −0.187 (−0.162; 0.035) | 0.202 |
| Smoking | −0.039 (−12.991; 9.554) | 0.762 | 0.091 (−7.645; 16.127) | 0.478 | 0.125 (−0.505; 1.485) | 0.329 |
| Diabetes | 0.042 (−16.665; 23.186) | 0.745 | 0.129 (−10.613; 31.406) | 0.326 | 0.133 (−0.857; 2.660) | 0.309 |
| Immobilization duration | −0.368 (−4.063; −0.515) | 0.012 | −0.375 (−4.307; −0.565) | 0.012 | −0.286 (−0.313; 0.001) | 0.051 |
BMI Body mass index, AOFAS American Orthopaedic Foot Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score, OMAS Olerud–Molander Ankle Score, VAS Visual Analog Scale, MCS Medial Clear Space, pre-Mueller dislocation of the distal fibular fragment pre-operative; post-Mueller dislocation of the distal fibular fragment post-operative
P-values printed in bold show statistical significant associations