Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants and unadjusted associations with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
| Women w/o NAFLD | Women with NAFLD | P value | Men w/o NAFLD | Men with NAFLD | P value | |
| Number of subjects | 1651 | 178 | 1938 | 634 | ||
| Age, yr (SD) | 46.6 (8.8) | 51.0 (7.7) | < 0.001 | 48.1 (9) | 47.9 (8.4) | 0.66 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (SD) | 21.3 (2.5) | 25.7 (3.7) | < 0.001 | 22.5 (2.5) | 25.6 (2.8) | < 0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/mL (SD) | 92.7 (8.4) | 100.7 (10.7) | < 0.001 | 99.6 (13.3) | 106.8 (18.8) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD) | 111.8 (15.9) | 127.8 (18.2) | < 0.001 | 118.8 (15.8) | 126.4 (15.5) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD) | 69.8 (10.1) | 79.1 (10.1) | < 0.001 | 75.3 (10.1) | 80.4 (9.9) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL (SD) | 59.4 (13.9) | 49.5 (11.8) | < 0.001 | 47.5 (12.2) | 40.6 (9.7) | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL (SD) | 73.8 (36.1) | 119.6 (61.4) | < 0.001 | 105.5 (59.9) | 156.7 (89.2) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL (SD) | 131.8 (32.2) | 151.1 (33.4) | < 0.001 | 137.2 (30.7) | 145.8 (31.7) | < 0.001 |
| AST, IU/mL (SD) | 15.1 (5.2) | 19.5 (7.9) | < 0.001 | 16.4 (7.7) | 22.8 (10.9) | < 0.001 |
| ALT, IU/mL (SD) | 16.8 (6.5) | 27.9 (15.7) | < 0.001 | 23.1 (15) | 39.6 (21.4) | < 0.001 |
| γGTP, IU/mL (SD) | 11.7 (9.6) | 18.9 (15.4) | < 0.001 | 22.8 (22.8) | 31.4 (22.5) | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL (SD) | 12.8 (1.2) | 13.3 (1.2) | < 0.001 | 15 (1) | 15.6 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
| C reactive protein, mg/mL (SD) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.4) | 0.113 | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.242 |
| Number (%) of light-drinkers | 775 (46.9) | 73 (41.0) | 0.13 | 1513 (78) | 464 (73) | 0.013 |
| Number (%) of current smokers | 102 (6.2) | 10 (5.6) | 0.87 | 795 (41.0) | 234 (36.9) | 0.074 |
| Number (%) of ex-smokers | 184 (11.1) | 12 (6.7) | 0.074 | 555 (28.6) | 213 (33.6) | 0.02 |
| Number (%) of regular exercisers | 340 (20.6) | 27 (15.2) | 0.09 | 393 (20.3) | 78 (12.3) | < 0.001 |
| Number (%) of postmenopausal women | 487 (29.5) | 82 (46.1) | < 0.001 | |||
| Number (%) receiving hormone replacement therapy | 221 (13.4) | 36 (20.2) | 0.017 |
This table summarizes the baseline data of 1829 women and 2572 men. w/o: Without; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; γGTP: γ-glutamyl transferase. Continuous variables were compared using the unpaired t test, and groups were compared with the χ2 test.