Table 3.

Variation in veteran-reported Gulf War experiences and exposures by location in theater.

Not in Iraq or Kuwait
Experience or exposure	At sea (n = 32)	Eastern Saudi Arabia (n = 56)	On land, other (n = 39)	In Iraq or Kuwait (n = 177)
Wore a flea collar		—		—		—		—
Wore uniforms treated with pesticides		↓		—		↓		↑
Took PB pills		↓↓		—		↓↓		↑↑
Used pesticides on skin		↓		—		—		↑↑
Saw Iraqis/civilians killed/wounded		↓↓		↓↓		↓↓		↑↑
Contact with destroyed enemy vehicles		↓↓		↓↓		↓↓		↑↑
Contact with prisoners of war		↓↓		↓		↓↓		↑↑
Exposed to smoke from oil well fires		↓↓		—		↓↓		↑↑
Frequently had < 4 hr sleep in 24 hr		↓		↓		↓		↑↑
Saw or came in contact with dead animals		↓↓		↓		↓↓		↑↑
SCUD missile exploded within 1 mile		↓↓		↑		—		—
Used/exposed to fresh CARC paint		↓		↓↓		↓		↑↑
Received shot(s) in arm while in theater		↓		—		—		—
Received shot(s) in buttocks while in theater		↓		—		—		↑
Directly involved in ground combat		↓↓		↓↓		↓↓		↑↑
Saw living area sprayed with pesticides		↓		—		—		—
Saw U.S./allied troops killed/wounded		↓		—		—		↑↑
Heard chemical alarms		↓		↑		↓↓		—
Directly involved in air combat		—		↓		—		—
Data are experiences or exposures reported as having a significantly lower (↓, p < 0.05; ↓↓, p < 0.001) or higher (↑, p < 0.05; ↑↑, p < 0.001) proportion in the subgroup compared with all others. —, No significant difference between subgroup and all others.