Branch of service |
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Served in the Army (vs. other branches) |
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93 (65) |
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75 (47) |
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1.21 (0.68, 2.14) |
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73 (72) |
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55 (72) |
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0.72 (0.33, 1.59) |
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20 (47) |
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20 (24) |
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1.42 (0.56, 3.60) |
Veteran-reported experiences and exposures |
Wore uniforms treated with pesticides |
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38 (27) |
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14 (9) |
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2.91 (1.41, 6.01)* |
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28 (28) |
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12 (16) |
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1.35 (0.55, 3.35) |
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10 (24) |
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2 (2) |
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12.74 (2.64, 61.5)* |
Took PB pills |
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98 (72) |
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68 (44) |
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2.88 (1.68, 4.94)* |
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79 (81) |
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44 (58) |
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3.50 (1.65, 7.41)* |
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19 (47) |
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24 (30) |
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1.44 (0.59, 3.47) |
Frequently had < 4 hr sleep in 24 hr period |
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96 (69) |
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79 (49) |
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2.19 (1.29, 3.73)* |
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78 (78) |
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50 (66) |
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1.99 (0.93, 4.25) |
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18 (45) |
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29 (35) |
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1.56 (0.66, 3.66) |
SCUD missile exploded within 1 mile |
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67 (48) |
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47 (31) |
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2.18 (1.27, 3.72)* |
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50 (52) |
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21 (28) |
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3.07 (1.53, 6.19)* |
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17 (40) |
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26 (33) |
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1.08 (0.46, 2.54) |
Saw Iraqis/civilians badly wounded or killed |
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93 (65) |
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64 (40) |
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1.66 (0.92, 2.97) |
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85 (84) |
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54 (71) |
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1.55 (0.67, 3.58) |
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8 (19) |
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10 (12) |
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1.00 (0.30, 3.31) |
Used pesticides on skin |
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80 (57) |
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49 (31) |
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1.65 (0.92, 2.95) |
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60 (61) |
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30 (40) |
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2.07 (1.06, 4.05)* |
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20 (47) |
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19 (23) |
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1.62 (0.63, 4.17) |
Contact with prisoners of war |
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84 (59) |
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56 (35) |
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1.40 (0.77, 2.54) |
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74 (74) |
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44 (58) |
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1.70 (0.81, 3.58) |
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10 (23) |
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12 (14) |
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0.83 (0.24, 2.82) |
Saw or came in contact with dead animals |
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75 (54) |
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54 (34) |
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1.37 (0.77, 2.43) |
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65 (66) |
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39 (52) |
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1.32 (0.65, 2.70) |
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10 (24) |
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15 (18) |
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0.87 (0.30, 2.49) |
Contact with destroyed enemy vehicles |
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86 (60) |
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57 (36) |
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1.35 (0.75, 2.44) |
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80 (79) |
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52 (69) |
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1.39 (0.63, 3.05) |
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6 (14) |
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5 (6) |
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1.79 (0.44, 7.37) |
Smoke from oil well fires |
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117 (82) |
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103 (65) |
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1.33 (0.69, 2.55) |
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92 (91) |
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63 (83) |
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2.78 (1.01, 7.66)* |
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25 (60) |
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40 (49) |
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1.36 (0.60, 3.09) |
Received ≥ 1 shot in arm while in theater |
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99 (73) |
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88 (58) |
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1.31 (0.74, 2.32) |
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69 (73) |
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45 (59) |
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1.67 (0.81, 3.44) |
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30 (73) |
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43 (57) |
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1.52 (0.62, 3.72) |
Was regular smoker during deployment |
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54 (38) |
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47 (29) |
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1.26 (0.72, 2.21) |
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41 (41) |
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27 (36) |
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0.96 (0.48, 1.93) |
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13 (32) |
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20 (24) |
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1.59 (0.65, 3.93) |
Saw living area fogged/sprayed with pesticides |
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30 (22) |
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27 (17) |
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1.26 (0.63, 2.50) |
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26 (27) |
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13 (17) |
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1.26 (0.53, 3.00) |
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4 (10) |
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14 (17) |
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0.72 (0.22, 2.40) |
Received ≥ 1 shot in buttocks while in theater |
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57 (43) |
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45 (29) |
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1.13 (0.64, 2.01) |
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43 (47) |
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27 (36) |
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1.30 (0.64, 2.63) |
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14 (34) |
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18 (23) |
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1.27 (0.50, 3.22) |
Used/came into contact with freshly applied CARC paint |
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38 (29) |
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24 (17) |
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0.97 (0.48 -1.98) |
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36 (39) |
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21 (30) |
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0.88 (0.41, 1.88) |
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2 (5) |
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3 (4) |
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1.04 (0.14, 7.84) |
Saw U.S. or allied troops badly wounded or killed |
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56 (39) |
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52 (33) |
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0.83 (0.46, 1.48) |
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46 (46) |
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33 (44) |
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0.69 (0.34, 1.40) |
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10 (23) |
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19 (23) |
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0.94 (0.35, 2.48) |
Heard chemical alarms sounded |
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84 (59) |
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82 (53) |
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0.61 (0.34, 1.11) |
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61 (61) |
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44 (59) |
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0.78 (0.38, 1.58) |
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23 (55) |
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38 (47) |
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1.01 (0.44, 2.30) |
Directly involved in ground combat |
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45 (32) |
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40 (25) |
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0.57 (0.29, 1.11) |
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45 (47) |
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40 (53) |
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0.47 (0.21, 1.02) |
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— |
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— |
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—, no observations. aAdjusted for being within 1
mile of exploding SCUD, wearing uniforms treated with pesticides, taking
PB pills, and frequently having < 4 hr sleep in 24 hr.
bAdjusted for being within 1 mile of exploding SCUD missile,
using pesticides on skin, and taking PB pills. cAdjusted for
wearing uniforms treated with pesticides. *p < 0.05. |