TABLE 2.
HAZARD RATIOS AND 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FROM AGE-ADJUSTED COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD MODELS USED TO ASSESS THE INDEPENDENT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EACH COVARIATE AND RISK OF CKD
| Exposure | CKD Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
| Time-varying | |
| Acute pulmonary exacerbations* | |
| No exacerbations | REF |
| One to five exacerbations | 0.86 (0.62–1.19) |
| Six to nine exacerbations | 1.08 (0.69–1.69) |
| ≥ 10 exacerbations | 1.48 (0.99–2.22) |
| CFRD (insulin-requiring)* | |
| 0 yr | REF |
| 1–4 yr | 2.52 (1.82–3.49) |
| ≥ 5 yr | 4.71 (2.96–7.50) |
| Per additional year of inhaled tobramycin use | 0.94 (0.86–1.02) |
| Per additional year of HD ibuprofen use | 1.03 (0.85–1.24) |
| Previous episode of acute renal failure | 1.91 (1.05–3.46) |
| Time-fixed† | |
| Male sex | 0.78 (0.59–1.02) |
| Homozygous ΔF508‡ | 1.48 (1.12–1.96) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.85 (0.81–0.89) |
| Percent-predicted FEV1 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture (+) | 0.99 (0.71–1.37) |
| Burkholderia cepacia culture (+) | 0.86 (0.38–1.95) |
Definition of abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; CFRD = cystic fibrosis–related diabetes; CI = confidence interval; CKD = chronic kidney disease; HD = high dose.
*
Includes exposure up to 3 years before cohort entry.
†
Data from the year before cohort entry.
‡
Reference group = no ΔF508 gene mutations.