Table 2.
Maternal deaths: gains and losses from three determinants
| Actual maternal deaths during 5-year periods | Maternal deaths if no WRA* increase | Maternal deaths if no GFR** decline | Deaths if no MMR*** decline | Deaths with both GFR & MMR constant | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Developing countries | |||||
| 1990–1995 | 2,587,191 | 2,458,075 | 2,745,997 | 2,688,936 | 2,860,819 |
| 1995–2000 | 2,357,058 | 2,012,583 | 2,803,735 | 2,668,485 | 3,182,065 |
| 2000–2005 | 2,098,170 | 1,628,702 | 2,736,434 | 2,675,605 | 3,499,620 |
| 2005–2008 | 1,118,905 | 810,156 | 1,547,421 | 1,620,725 | 2,243,574 |
| Total | 8,161,324 | 6,909,517 | 9,833,587 | 9,653,752 | 11,786,079 |
| Excess deaths***** | −1,251,807 | 1,672,263 | 1,492,428 | 3,624,755 | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | |||||
| 1990–1995 | 1,038,229 | 962,505 | 1,068,896 | 1,043,854 | 1,074,840 |
| 1995–2000 | 1,090,174 | 874,598 | 1,183,186 | 1,145,741 | 1,244,744 |
| 2000–2005 | 1,084,370 | 757,708 | 1,236,445 | 1,252,640 | 1,430,218 |
| 2005–2008 | 625,886 | 392,371 | 744,420 | 801,246 | 953,841 |
| Total | 3,838,659 | 2,987,182 | 4,232,947 | 4,243,481 | 4,703,643 |
| Excess deaths***** | −851,476 | 394,288 | 404,822 | 864,984 | |
| South Asia | |||||
| 1990–1995 | 1,070,409 | 1,011,251 | 1,126,730 | 1,169,209 | 1,236,850 |
| 1995–2000 | 909,128 | 756,903 | 1,072,998 | 1,182,669 | 1,402,868 |
| 2000–2005 | 736,543 | 547,253 | 973,963 | 1,181,329 | 1,573,700 |
| 2005–2008 | 353,976 | 240,653 | 513,509 | 704,788 | 1,025,052 |
| Total | 3,070,056 | 2,556,060 | 3,687,201 | 4,237,995 | 5,238,471 |
| Excess deaths***** | −513,996 | 617,145 | 1,167,939 | 2,168,415 | |
* WRA women of reproductive age (15–49)
** GFR General fertility rate (births/year/1,000 women aged 15–49)
*** MMR: maternal deaths/100,000 births
**** Deaths in five years = 5 times the mean of deaths in starting and ending years from Table 1
***** Added deaths = total in each col. minus total of col. 1