Table 1.
Technologies for circulating tumor cell detection in breast cancer
| System | Enrichment | Detection | FDA approval | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CellSearch® | EpCAM-coated ferrofluids | CK8, 18, 19+/DAPI+/CD45- | Yesa | [10-12] |
| CTC-chip® | Microfluidics. EpCAM-coated microposts | CK+/CD45-/DAPI+ | No | [29,34] |
| The CTChip® | Microfluidics. Enrichment based on physical properties | CK+ | No | [31] |
| Magsweeper® | EpCAM+ enrichment | Gene expression profiling | No | [6] |
| EPISPOT assay® | Depletion of CD45+ cells | CK19, MUC1 | No | [35] |
| MAINTRAC® | RBC lysis | EpCAM+/CD45- | No | [16] |
| Ariol® | RBC lysis, CK+, EpCAM+ enrichment | CK8, 18, 19+/DAPI+/CD45- | No | [19] |
| Fiber-optic array scanning technology (FAST) | No | CK+ | No | [20] |
| Collagen adhesion matrix (CAM) assay | Invasion and digestion of cell adhesion | EpCAM+, panCK+/CD45- | No | [36] |
| AdnaTest® | MUC1+ and EpCAM+ enrichment | HER2, MUC1 and EpCAM | No | [28] |
| Single gene or multi-marker RT-PCR assays | Ficoll or EpCAM+ enrichment or depletion of CD45+ cells | CK19, MGB1, HER2, MUC1 mRNA | No | [22-27] |
| Multiparameter flow cytometry | Ficoll enrichment | EpCAM+/CK8, 18, 19+/CD45- | No | [15] |
CK, cytokeratin; EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; HER, human epidermal growth factor receptor; MGB1, mammaglobin-A; MUC1, mucin 1; RBC, red blood cell. aApproval as an aid in monitoring patients with metastatic breast, colorectal and prostate cance