Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Short-Term CGM Patients, Long-Term CGM Patients, and Control Groups. Two Different Control Groups Were Used to Match the Two Different Groups at Each Point of Time
| Variablea,b | Long-term use CGM(≥3 months) (n = 34) | Controls (long-term)(n = 408) | Short-term use CGM(<3 months) (n = 43) | Controls (short-term)(n = 1204) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) at CGM start | 44.0 (10.2)42.4 (22.8; 66.2)n = 34 | 44.6 (16.2)44.4 (17.5; 85.6)n = 408 | 42.7 (10.4)41.6 (20.6; 66.0)n = 43 | 44.2 (15.5)43.5 (16.9; 86.8)n = 1204 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 19 (55.9%) | 194 (47.5%) | 15 (34.9%) | 631 (52.4%) |
| Female | 15 (44.1%) | 214 (52.5%) | 28 (65.1%) | 573 (47.6%) |
| Weight (kg) at CGM start | 76.4 (16.0)73.9 (55.0; 115.0)n = 30 | 74.2 (14.5)71.8 (44.9; 142.0)n = 398 | 74.5 (12.2)73.5 (56.0; 106.0)n = 37 | 74.0 (14.0)72.0 (42.7; 136.0)n = 1124 |
| Body mass index at CGM start | 24.7 (4.3)24.0 (19.3; 36.1)n = 23 | 24.6 (3.9)23.8 (16.6; 40.2)n = 375 | 25.4 (4.0)25.1 (18.6; 35.9)n = 34 | 24.5 (3.7)23.9 (14.8; 42.5)n = 1048 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 26.4 (13.2)26.6 (0.9; 53.5)n = 33 | 25.8 (16.2)24.4 (0.0; 105.0)n = 388 | 26.8 (10.6)27.0 (9.2; 48.0)n = 41 | 23.9 (15.3)22.7 (0.0; 102.9)n = 1165 |
| Diabetes type | ||||
| Type 1 | 34 (100.0%) | 408 (100.0%) | 42 (97.7%) | 1204 (100.0%) |
| Type 2 | 0 | 1 (2.3%) | ||
| Insulin dose, units/kg at CGM start | 0.527 (0.183)0.494 (0.265; 1.096)n = 29 | 0.584 (0.203)0.561 (0.000; 1.583)n = 395 | 0.473 (0.192)0.470 (0.226; 1.149)n = 36 | 0.577 (0.218)0.557 (0.000; 2.205)n = 1109 |
| Insulin type at CGM start | ||||
| Pump | 30 (90.9%) | 68 (16.9%) | 30 (71.4%) | 162 (13.9%) |
| Injection | 3 (9.1%) | 335 (83.1%) | 12 (28.6%) | 1004 (86.1%) |
| Missing | 1 | 5 | 1 | 38 |
| Indication | ||||
| Serious hypoglycemiac | 16 (47.1%) | 14 (32.6%) | ||
| High blood sugar | 15 (44.1%) | 9 (20.9%) | ||
| Fluctuating blood sugar | 3 (8.8%) | 18 (41.9%) | ||
| Other | 0 | 2 (4.7%) | ||
| CGM duration (days) | 406.2 (376.4)231.0 (91.0; 1424.0)n = 34 | 33.2 (21.6)28.0 (4.0; 83.0)n = 43 | ||
| HbA1c (%, NGSP) at CGM start | 8.79 (1.85)8.50 (6.06; 13.23)n = 34 | 8.19 (1.35)7.97 (5.20; 14.57)n = 408 | 8.43 (1.27)8.26 (5.29; 12.08)n = 43 | 7.88 (1.36)7.68 (4.72; 14.57)n = 1204 |
| Hypoglycemiac events at CGM start | ||||
| 0 to <5 | 8 (30.8%) | 12 (29.3%) | ||
| 5 to <10 | 6 (23.1%) | 8 (19.5%) | ||
| 10 to <15 | 5 (19.2%) | 15 (36.6%) | ||
| ≥15 | 7 (26.9%) | 6 (14.6%) | ||
| Missing | 8 | 2 | ||
a
Forcategoricalvariables, n(%) ispresented.
b
Forcontinuousvariables, mean(SD) / median/ (minimum; maximum) / narepresented.
c
Strict definition for hypoglycemia: All patients that have follow-up hypoglycemia within 6 months around the latest HbA1c value 3 months after CGM.