Regulatory elements in the OXT and AVP promoters 500bp upstream of their transcription start sites that are predicted by bioinformatic analyses and which were functionally validated by experiments using heterologous cell lines (based on data described in Burbach et al, (3). The asterisks show the transcription factors that bind to these elements which were detected in the SON by microarray analyses (based on data in Hindmarch(82); Mutsuga et. al, (83); and Yue et. al, (84)). Abbreviations: COUP-TF I and II:Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors I and II; ER: estrogen receptor; SF-1/ELP: steroidogenic factor; Ear2: V-erb-related protein 2 transcription factor; RORa/RZRa: retinoic acid receptor orphan receptor transcription factor family; THR: thyroid hormone receptor; CRE: camp response element; SP1: specificity protein 1 transcription factor; AP1: activator protein 1; AP2: activator protein 2, Ebox: DNA sequence, CANNTG/CACGTG,that binds helix loop-helix transcription factors (e.g., BMAL-CLOCK).