Table 1.
Characteristics of all patientsa
| Variable | No. (%) of patients, unless otherwise stated |
P valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCAI (n = 534) | CAI (n = 562) | Total (n = 1,096) | ||
| Demographics | ||||
| Median age (IQR) (yr) | 56 (47, 73) | 52 (41, 63) | 54 (44, 67) | <0.0001 |
| Male gender | 268 (50.2) | 298 (53.0) | 566 (51.6) | 0.35 |
| Race: Caucasian | 186 (34.8) | 165 (29.4) | 351 (32.0) | 0.05 |
| Race: African American | 327 (61.2) | 377 (67.1) | 704 (64.2) | 0.0436 |
| Race: Asian or Middle Eastern | 11 (2.1) | 7 (1.3) | 18 (1.6) | 0.29 |
| Race: Hispanic | 7 (1.3) | 13 (2.3) | 20 (1.8) | 0.22 |
| Ethnicity: Hispanic | 10 (1.9) | 14 (2.5) | 24 (2.2) | 0.48 |
| Insurance | ||||
| Medicaid | 42 (7.9) | 39 (6.9) | 81 (7.4) | 0.56 |
| Medicare | 228 (42.7) | 142 (25.3) | 370 (33.8) | <0.0001 |
| Private/commercial | 225 (42.1) | 275 (48.9) | 500 (45.6) | 0.0239 |
| None | 38 (7.1) | 104 (18.5) | 142 (13.0) | <0.0001 |
| Admission source | ||||
| Prior admission to same hospital at ≤180 days | 347 (65.0) | 0 (0.0) | 347 (31.7) | <0.0001 |
| Transfer from home | 431 (80.7) | 551 (98.0) | 982 (89.6) | <0.0001 |
| Transfer from nursing home, rehab, or hospice | 93 (17.4) | 0 (0.0) | 93 (8.5) | <0.0001 |
| Transfer from other environment | 8 (1.5) | 11 (2.0) | 19 (1.7) | 0.56 |
| ER prior to admission | 427 (80.1) | 497 (88.8) | 924 (84.5) | <0.0001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Intravenous drug abuse | 56 (10.5) | 97 (17.3) | 153 (14.0) | 0.0013 |
| Diabetes | 189 (35.5) | 196 (34.9) | 385 (35.2) | 0.84 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 59 (11.1) | 50 (8.9) | 109 (10.0) | 0.23 |
| Hypertension | 321 (60.2) | 292 (52.0) | 613 (56.0) | 0.0059 |
| Cancer | 84 (15.8) | 25 (4.5) | 109 (10.0) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 40 (7.5) | 16 (2.9) | 56 (5.1) | 0.0005 |
| Congestive heart failure | 82 (15.4) | 45 (8.0) | 127 (11.6) | 0.0001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 72 (13.5) | 37 (6.6) | 109 (10.0) | 0.0001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 83 (15.6) | 33 (5.9) | 116 (10.6) | <0.0001 |
| Anemia | 98 (18.4) | 42 (7.5) | 140 (12.8) | <0.0001 |
| Need for dialysis | 58 (10.9) | 0 (0.0) | 58 (5.3) | <0.0001 |
| Intravenous antibiotic within 30 daysc | 102 (19.3) | 0 (0.0) | 102 (9.4) | <0.0001 |
| Immunosuppression | 128 (24.0) | 0 (0.0) | 128 (11.7) | <0.0001 |
| SSTI subtype | ||||
| Cellulitis | 284 (53.2) | 338 (60.1) | 622 (56.8) | 0.0201 |
| Surgical wound | 96 (18.0) | 2 (0.4) | 98 (8.9) | <0.0001 |
| Necrotizing fasciitis | 9 (1.7) | 13 (2.3) | 22 (2.0) | 0.46 |
| Abscess | 137 (25.7) | 249 (44.1) | 385 (35.1) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetic wound | 30 (5.6) | 42 (7.5) | 72 (6.6) | 0.22 |
| Nondiabetic wound | 23 (4.3) | 16 (2.9) | 39 (3.6) | 0.19 |
| Ulcer | 82 (15.4) | 31 (5.5) | 113 (10.3) | <0.0001 |
| Other | 23 (4.3) | 25 (4.5) | 48 (4.4) | 0.91 |
| Time of first culture relative to ER/hospital admission | ||||
| ≤24 hd | 190 (35.6) | 256 (45.6) | 446 (40.7) | 0.0001 |
| ≤48 hd | 260 (48.7) | 311 (55.3) | 571 (52.1) | 0.0052 |
| >48 hd | 90 (16.9) | 66 (11.7) | 156 (14.2) | 0.0304 |
| Did not have positive culture taken | 184 (34.5) | 185 (32.9) | 369 (33.7) | 0.59 |
a
CAI, community-acquired infection; HCAI, health care-associated infection; ER, emergency room.
b
P values for HCAI versus CAI.
c
The most common antibiotics were vancomycin (n = 35), cefazolin (n = 21), and clindamycin (n = 17).
d
Time of culture in subset of patients with positive cultures.