Table 1.
Toxoplasma molecules that interact with components of host defense
| Parasite molecule | Host target/ligand | Major effect on host | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Profilin | TLR11 | Induction of IL-12 | 90 |
| Cyclophilin-18 | CCR5 | Induction of IL-12 | 1 |
| GPI moeities | TLR2, TLR4 | Induction of IL-12, TNF-α | 19 |
| ROP16 | STAT3, STAT6 | IL-12 downregulation, arginase 1 induction | 8, 36, 61, 71, 89 |
| ROP18 | IRG proteins, ATF6β | PVM destruction, promotion of CD8 responses | 23, 79 |
| ROP5 | Unknown | Contributes to virulence | 3, 65 |
| ROP38 | Unknown | Suppression of MAPK signaling | 62 |
| GRA15 | NF-κB | IL-12 induction | 36, 69 |