Figure 3.

Experimental setup of the half-pin frame under indirect loading with displacement transducers. The connecting rods are distally extended to leave the distal bone fragment without direct contact to the base plate. The numbers label the arrangement of displacement transducers: 1-3: interfragmentary movements in the osteotomy (displacement transducer 3 out of sight behind the composite bone); 4-6: relative movement between rings; 7-8: relative movements of bone segments in relation to the ring level; (*) marks the Rancho cubes with half-pins.