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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Psychiatr Res. 2011 Nov 26;46(2):256–263. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.10.017

Table 2.

Results of frontal and centro-parietal alpha ERO analyses

Time
Window		 Brain
Region		 Emotional
Valence		 ERO energy differences
between participant groups
by emotional stimuli1 		ERO energy differences
across emotional stimuli
by participant group2 		Heritability Linkage Findings
ASPD/CD Controls h2 p Chr Position
(cM)		 LOD
score		 p
0–250 ms F H No difference 0.32 <0.0001 No LOD scores >2.00
N No difference H=N=S H=N=S 0.43 <0.0001 No LOD scores >2.00
S No difference 0.33 <0.0001 No LOD scores >2.00
C-P H ASPD/CD>Controls 0.46 <0.0001 6 54 2.22 0.0025
N ASPD/CD>Controls 0.32 <0.0001 No LOD scores >2.00
S ASPD/CD>Controls H=N=S H=N=S 0.35 <0.0001 2 128 2.24 0.0025
3 99 2.36 0.0020
12 107 2.06 0.0036
17 101 2.35 0.0021
400–700 ms F H No difference 0.43 <0.0001 No LOD scores >2.00
N No difference 0.41 <0.0001 13 95 2.01 0.0101
S No difference 0.44 <0.0001 2 175 2.16 0.0031
H=N=S H=N=S 4 61 2.33 0.0020
8 81 2.17 0.0030
14 44 2.16 0.0031
20 102 2.62 0.0012
22 58 2.30 0.0022
C-P H ASPD/CD>Controls 0.34 <0.0001 1 9 2.40 0.0009
N ASPD/CD>Controls H=N>S H>N>S 0.22 <0.0001 No LOD scores >2.00
S No difference 0.29 <0.0001 1 9 2.79 0.0021
12 125 2.06 0.0036

The age and gender of the participant were assessed as potential covariates in the models. ASPD/CD = Antisocial Personality Disorder/Conduct Disorder. h2 = genetic heritability. F = Frontal and C-P = Centro-parietal. H = Happy faces, N = Neutral faces, and S = Sad faces. Controls = participants without ASPD or CD diagnosis. Chr = chromosome. cM = centimorgan. LOD = logarithm of the odds. Significant age differences in heritability were found in all models (p < 0.05). Significant gender differences in heritability were found in most models (p < 0.05), except in the frontal regions of the 0 – 250 ms time interval in response to all three emotional expressions. Bold text indicates evidence of linkage, p-value < 0.001, 1 - > symbol significant difference between participant groups (p<0.004), 2 - > symbol indicates significant difference between these categories of emotional stimuli (p<0.004 and post hoc (p<0.05)).