Estradiol and DPN modulate sodium current kinetics in AM recordings. (A) Estradiol (1 nM) or DPN (10 nM) significantly reduces the maximum rise slope of sodium currents evoked by an action potential protocol in AM recordings (*, p = 0.01 vs. other treatments) in cells isolated from young animals. The Erα agonist PPT has no effect. The maximum rise and decay slopes (B and C) are significantly decreased by estradiol or DPN in AM recordings (*, p < 0.05) only. No significant differences are noted in PM recordings. (D) The width of the sodium current at half-maximum amplitude is increased significantly by DPN in AM recordings in cells from young animals (a, p = 0.01 compared to control AM), while the width is significantly reduced by DPN in PM recordings (b, p = 0.04 compared to control PM, p < 0.001 compared to DPN AM). n = 21–22 for control cells, 10–15 for treated cells. The legend in (B) applies to graphs B – D.