Table 2.
Ratings of hunger and fullness of participants at three time points during the meal (n = 46 women)
| Experimental condition
|
Significance1 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No salad | Ad libitum salad intake | Fixed salad intake | |||||
| Rating and time point | Salad before main course | Salad with main course | Salad before main course | Salad with main course | Effect of timing (before versus with main course) | Effect of method (ad libitum versus fixed intake) | |
| Hunger (mm)2 | |||||||
| Before first course | 62.3 ± 2.9 | 56.5 ± 2.8 | 61.2 ± 2.6 | 60.8 ± 2.8 | 60.5 ± 2.4 | NS | NS |
| Before main course | 62.8 ± 3.4 | 38.4 ± 2.6 | 63.1 ± 2.8 | 31.8 ± 2.6 | 64.8 ± 2.5 | p < 0.0001 | NS |
| After main course | 12.7 ± 1.7 | 7.3 ± 1.3 | 9.8 ± 1.6 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 5.0 ± 0.8 | NS | p < 0.001 |
| Fullness (mm)2 | |||||||
| Before first course | 27.9 ± 3.0 | 29.3 ± 3.0 | 30.4 ± 3.0 | 29.0 ± 3.1 | 24.8 ± 3.0 | NS | NS |
| Before main course | 24.6 ± 2.9 | 53.2 ± 2.5 | 27.4 ± 3.2 | 57.5 ± 2.9 | 23.1 ± 3.1 | p < 0.0001 | NS |
| After main course | 77.2 ± 2.5 | 85.5 ± 1.4 | 82.3 ± 1.9 | 89.1 ± 1.7 | 88.6 ± 1.5 | NS | p < 0.0001 |
1
Significance of the given effect according to a mixed linear model with repeated measures; NS indicates not significant.
2
Ratings are from 100-mm visual analog scales