Table 2.
Group mean and standard deviation on cognitive and motor measures pre and post training.
| Pre-Test | Post-Test | Effect Size (Cohen’s d) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Dual n-back training group (NB) | |||||
| Card Rotation | 52.6 | 21.8 | 62.7 | 16.4 | .52 |
| Digit Symbol Substitution | 69.2 | 8.2 | 76.0 | 7.5 | .86 |
| 3 Back* | .43 | .28 | .74 | .31 | 1.05 |
| 4 Back* | .33 | .25 | .63 | .31 | 1.06 |
| Operation Span* | 40.08 | 16.22 | 51.00 | 14.25 | .71 |
| Visuomotor Adaptation (DE) | 4.95 | 3.62 | 2.71 | 3.93 | -.59 |
| Knowledge training group (KT) | |||||
| Card Rotation | 63.8 | 13.0 | 69.6 | 12.2 | .46 |
| Digit Symbol Substitution | 71.2 | 10.9 | 75.8 | 13.0 | .38 |
| 3 Back* | .46 | .24 | .60 | .35 | .47 |
| 4 Back* | .38 | .24 | .47 | .35 | .30 |
| Operation Span* | 44.48 | 14.50 | 46.87 | 16.29 | .15 |
| Visuomotor Adaptation (DE) | 3.57 | 2.71 | 2.87 | 3.65 | −.22 |
(Card Rotation: # correct-incorrect cards, 2 pages, 6 min; Digit-Symbol: # of symbols, 2 min; 3- & 4-back: accuracy percentage, hits-false alarms; Operation Span: Score; Visuomotor Adaptation DE: linear slope; Significant Session Effects,
*
p<.05)