Table 1.

Summary of human clinical evidence for induction of ARE-mediated enzymes by sulforaphane/ITC.

Enzyme/reducing agent	Tissue	Effective dose1	Reference
NQO1	Upper airway	64 μmol/day SF	Riedl et al. (2009)
HMOX1	Upper airway	64 μmol/day SF	Riedl et al. (2009)
GSTM1	Upper airway	64 μmol/day SF	Riedl et al. (2009)
GSTP1	Upper airway	64 μmol/day SF	Riedl et al. (2009)
TXNRD1	Gastric mucosa	344 μmol SF	Gasper et al. (2007)
Aldoketoreductases	Gastric mucosa	344 μmol SF	Gasper et al. (2007)
GCLC modifier subunit	Gastric mucosa	344 μmol SF	Gasper et al. (2007)
GSTA1	Intestinal mucosa	11 μmol SF	Petri et al. (2003)
HMOX1	Mammary	200 μmol SF	Cornblatt et al. (2007)
NQO1	Mammary	200 μmol SF	Cornblatt et al. (2007)
NQO1	Skin	150 nmol SF	Dinkova-Kostova et al. (2007)

¹Dose at which induction was observed.