Table 2.
Passive immunotherapy agents.
| Drug name | Sponsor(s) | Mechanism of action | Status | Key clinical data | Source of key clinical data |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bapineuzumab | JANSSEN Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research & Development, LLC.; Pfizer Inc. | Humanized mAb that targets the N-terminal region of Aβ | Phase 3 | No significant differences compared with placebo in primary outcomes (ADAS-Cog or DAD); potential treatment differences based on ApoE4 carrier status | [51] |
| IVIG (Gammagard) | Baxter International Inc. | Intravenous Ig; contains antibodies against Aβ | Phase 3 | Significant differences compared with placebo in primary outcome measures (ADAS-Cog and ADCS-CGIC) | [78] |
| Solanezumab | Eli Lilly and Company | Humanized monoclonal antibody against the mid-domain of Aβ | Phase 3 | Favorable safety profile: no evidence of meningoencephalitis, microhemorrhage, or ARIA-E | [60] |
| Gantenerumab | Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. | Monoclonal antibody that targets Aβ | Phase 2 | No clinical data have been presented to date | — |
| IVIG (Octagam) | Octapharma AG | Intravenous Ig; contains antibodies against Aβ | Phase 2 | No clinical data have been presented to date | — |
| IVIG (Newgam) | Sutter Health | Intravenous Ig; contains antibodies against Aβ | Phase 2 | No clinical data have been presented to date | — |
| Ponezumab | Pfizer Inc. | Humanized IgG2deltaA monoclonal antibody that binds to amino acids 33–40 of the Aβ 1−40 peptide | Phase 2 | 2 phase 1 studies showed favorable safety profiles, with no microhemorrhage, ARIA-E, or encephalitis | [67, 68] |
| BAN2401 | Eisai Co., Ltd. | Humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively recognizes and eliminates Aβ protofibrils | Phase I | No clinical data have been presented to date | — |
Aβ: beta amyloid; ApoE4: apolipoprotein E4A; DAS-Cog: Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale; DAD: Disability Assessment for Dementia; Ig: immunoglobulin.