TABLE 2.

Median (Range) Lopinavir and Ritonavir Noncompartmental Pharmacokinetic Parameters

		Second Trimester, 400 mg/100 mg, n = 11	Third Trimester, 600 mg/150 mg, n = 33	Postpartum, 400 mg/100 mg, n = 27
Lopinavir	AUC0–12 (mcg·hr·mL−1)	72 (47–93)*†	96 (43–198)‡	133 (66–237)
	Cpredose (mcg/mL)	5.3 (0.2–7.3)*†	6.7 (<0.091–14.8)	8.7 (<0.091–17.6)
	Cmax (mcg/mL)	8.4 (7.1–10.9)†	10.7 (5.8–19.1)‡	14.6 (9.8–22.8)
	Tmax (hr)	4 (1–4)	4 (0–8)‡	4 (0–8)
	C12h (mcg/mL)	3.7 (2.2–4.4)*†	5.1 (1.5–12.2)‡	7.2 (2.8–21)
	Cmin (mcg/mL)	3.4 (0.2–4.4)*†	4.9 (<0.091–12.2)‡	6.9 (<0.091–12.4)
	Tmin (hr)	12 (0–12)	12 (0–12)	12 (0–12)
	CL/F (L/hr)	5.6 (4.3–8.6)†	6.2 (3–14)‡	3.0 (1.7–6)
	Vd/F (L)	41 (31–81)*	59 (32–2163)‡	34 (15–122)
	t½ (hr)	5.5 (4.1–9.6)*†	7.9 (3–127)	7.4 (3.5–33)
Ritonavir	AUC0–12 (mcg·hr·mL−1)	3.6 (1.2–5.1)†	4.2 (1.6–19.9)‡	5.9 (3.5–18.3)
	Cpre-dose (mcg/mL)	0.22 (<0.094–0.35)*†	0.20 (<0.094–1.25)	0.30 (<0.094–1.59)
	Cmax (mcg/mL)	0.49 (0.16–0.81)†	0.66 (0.19–2.32)‡	0.93 (0.41–3.34)
	Tmax (hr)	4 (1–8)	4 (0–8)	4 (0–12)
	C12h (mcg/mL)	0.17 (<0.094–0.21)*†	0.19 (<0.094–1.12)	0.23 (<0.094–1.17)
	Cmin (mcg/mL)	0.13 (<0.094–0.18)†	0.14 (<0.094–1.12)‡	0.21 (<0.094–0.73)
	Tmin (hr)	12 (0–12)	6 (0–12)	12 (0–12)
	CL/F (L/hr)	28 (20–85)†	48 (10–128)‡	17 (6–29)
	Vd/F (L)	158 (78–415)*	309 (124–10967)‡	113 (36–3075)
	t½ (hr)	3.4 (1.6–8.8)*†	4.8 (2–59.6)	5.4 (2.7–116)

^*P < 0.05, second trimester compared with third trimester.

^†P < 0.05, second trimester compared with postpartum.

^‡P < 0.05, third trimester compared with postpartum.

AUC_0–12 = area under the plasma concentration–time curve.

C_pre-dose = predose concentration.

C_max = maximum concentration.

T_max = time postdose of maximum concentration.

C_12h = 12-hour postdose concentration.

C_min = minimum concentration.

T_min = time postdose of minimum concentration.

CL/F = oral clearance.

V_d/F = apparent volume of distribution.

t½ = half-life.