Table 1.
Breastfed (n = 6) |
Group A (n = 8) |
Group B (n = 12) |
Group C (n = 12) |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics of the newborns | ||||
Born in the hospital | 5 | 8 | 11 | 9 |
Male gender | 4 | 2 | 5 | 9 |
Cesarean section | 4 | 7 | 11 | 8 |
1-min Apgar ≤4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
5-min Apgar ≤8 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
Resuscitation (endotracheal intubation) | 0 | 4 | 1 | 3 |
Prenatal corticosteroids | 4 | 8 | 10 | 9 |
Complications of the newborns | ||||
Respiratory distress syndrome | 4 | 5 | 3 | 8 |
Mechanical ventilation | 3 | 5 | 2 | 7 |
Patent ductus arteriosus | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 |
Sepsis | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
Necrotizing enterocolitis | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Intraventricular hemorrhage | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Parenteral nutrition > 7 days | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |