Table 5.
Ordinal logistic models for the factors associated with the log odds of having higher knowledge and better practices
| Factor | Knowledge (n = 340) |
Practices (n = 340) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Individual characteristics | ||||
| Age* | 1.07 | (0.96, 1.19) | 1.14 | (0.94, 1.38) |
| Age squared* | 1.00 | (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 | (1.00, 1.00) |
| Sex, male | 1.16 | (0.93, 1.46) | 1.28 | (0.98, 1.68) |
| Specialist physician | 1.15 | (0.60, 2.20) | 1.82 | (0.71, 4.65) |
| Time allocated to research ** | 1.01 | (1.00, 1.01) | 1.01 | (0.99, 1.02) |
| Master's or doctorate degree | 1.01 | (0.81, 1.26) | 0.81 | (0.48, 1.35) |
| Training (since completed last degree) in: | ||||
| Acquiring systematic reviews through the Cochrane Library | 2.82 | (1.08, 7.36) | 0.99 | (0.49, 2.00) |
| Critically appraising systematic reviews | 0.77 | (0.25, 2.40) | 1.28 | (0.66, 2.47) |
| Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) | 0.72 | (0.41, 1.28) | 0.95 | (0.48, 1.90) |
| Prevention of malaria | 1.20 | (0.73, 1.97) | 1.68 | (1.17, 2.39) |
| Easy access to a personal computer with a CD ROM | 1.50 | (0.63, 3.58) | 0.63 | (0.28, 1.43) |
| Easy access to the internet | 1.07 | (0.44, 2.57) | 1.52 | (1.08, 2.14) |
| Able to read and write English well or very well | 1.92 | (1.37, 2.69) | 1.00 | (0.63, 1.58) |
| Working Context | ||||
| Based in a facility or practice with an NGO as the operating authority | 0.90 | (0.32, 2.53) | 1.25 | (0.66, 2.37) |
| Based in a hospital | 1.08 | (0.83, 1.39) | 0.66 | (0.32, 1.34) |
| Located in an urban setting | 1.01 | (0.85, 1.19) | 1.00 | (0.73, 1.37) |
| Facility had insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) available | 0.71 | (0.35, 1.46) | 2.58 | (0.52, 12.94) |
| Views and activities related to improving clinical practice | ||||
| Research performed in their own country is of above average or excellent quality | 0.78 | (0.35, 1.73) | 1.49 | (0.88, 2.53) |
| Trust somewhat or completely a systematic review of randomized controlled double-blind trials | 1.06 | (0.63, 1.79) | 1.16 | (0.52, 2.58) |
| Working with researchers or research groups to improve clinical practice or the quality of working life | 1.11 | (0.69, 1.78) | 1.44 | (1.04, 1.98) |
| Higher quality of available research is important or very important to improve their work | 1.07 | (0.54, 2.14) | 0.63 | (0.33, 1.18) |
| Used or read particular sources of evidence | ||||
| Clinical practice guidelines, protocols or decision-support tools | 1.06 | (0.71, 1.60) | 1.32 | (0.83, 2.10) |
| Cochrane Library | 0.68 | (0.37, 1.27) | 0.98 | (0.56, 1.70) |
| Scientific journals from high-income countries | 1.09 | (0.50, 2.36) | 0.74 | (0.47, 1.16) |
| Scientific journals from own country | 1.31 | (0.88, 1.95) | 1.67 | (1.10, 2.54) |
| Summaries of articles, reports, and reviews from public and not-for-profit health organizations | 1.37 | (0.50, 3.75) | 1.27 | (0.92, 1.76) |
| Thresholds | ||||
| k1 | 1.81 | (-0.29, 3.91) | 2.59 | (-2.31, 7.49) |
| k2 | 3.03 | (1.23, 4.84) | 3.87 | (-0.99, 8.73) |
| k3 | 3.33 | (1.16, 5.49) | 4.99 | (0.16, 9.81) |
| k4 | 4.59 | (1.90, 7.28) | 5.92 | (0.63, 11.21) |
CI = confidence interval, NGO = nongovernmental organization, OR = odds ratio
Standard errors adjusted for 4 clusters (i.e., country). All regression models include country dummies (Tanzania is the reference country)
* Entered in regression models as continuous variables measured in years
** Entered in regression models as continuous variable measured in percent of time