Table 3. Results of the multiple linear regression analysis with several independent baseline variables predicting MCS at five years later.

Variable	B*	SE†	β‡	p-value
Age (years)	0.033	0.052	0.020	0.531
Sex	0.541	0.694	0.026	0.436
Nationality	1.568	2.213	0.021	0.479
Unmarried	−0.456	1.508	−0.009	0.762
Divorced/Widowed	−0.750	0.812	−0.029	0.356
Duration of school education (years)
0–8 years	−1.339	1.510	−0.026	0.376
11–12 years	1.911	1.236	0.046	0.123
>12 years	0.402	1.560	0.008	0.797
Smoking status	−0.072	0.457	−0.005	0.876
Insulin (yes)	0.483	0.832	0.018	0.562
Diabetes-related complications	−0.748	0.372	−0.064	0.045
Comorbidities	−0.390	0.405	−0.029	0.336
BMI (kg/m2)	−0.018	0.073	−0.010	0.810
Self-reported depression	−2.756	0.987	−0.088	0.005
MCS at baseline	0.380	0.033	0.374	<0.001
PCS at baseline	0.112	0.034	0.107	0.001
HbA1c (%)	−0.378	0.233	−0.049	0.106

Coding of categorical variables is mentioned in the footnote.

*unstandardized regression coefficient; † standard error; ‡ standardized regression coefficient; statistically significant associations are printed in bold

Sex: male and female (referent); Nationality: German nationality (referent), other nationalities. Marital status: “married” (referent), “divorced/widowed” and “unmarried”. Duration of school education: ≤8, 9–10 (referent), 11–12, and >12 years. Smoking status: variable ranging from 0 to 2, classified into “never”, “former” or “current”. Treatment with insulin: “yes” and “no” (referent). Diabetes-related complications: variable ranging from 0 (no complications) to 4 (four complications). Comorbid diseases: composite variable ranging from 0 to 4. Depression: “no” (referent) and “yes” (depression episode has been diagnosed).