Table 3.

Sagittal rotation presented with mean and standard deviation for L1-S1 (A), L1-5 (B) and L5-S1 (C) and subdivided into values defined as pathologic[7, 17] (D)

(A)
SFE (L1-S1)	6.1° ± 3.8°
SRP (L1-S1)	5.4° ± 3.3°
FRP (L1-S1)	6.0° ± 3.5°
(B)
SFE (L1-5)	7.7° ± 2.9°
SRP (L1-5)	7.2° ± 2.6°
FRP (L1-5)	7.5° ± 2.7°
(C)
SFE (L5-S1)	4.2° ± 3.1°
SRP (L5-S1)	3.6° ± 2.5°
FRP (L5-S1)	3.4° ± 2.7°

	≥10° in L1-5 (n = 79)	≥2° in L5-S1 (n = 21)
(D)
SFE (n)	15	6
SRP (n)	9	5
FRP (n)	10	6

The statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test for dependent, non-parametric values, Pearson’s Chi square test and t test for dependent values

SFE flexion–extension radiography in standing position, SRP radiography in standing and recumbent position, FRP radiography in flexion and recumbent supine position