Table 1.

Comparison of antibody-based proteomic imaging methods.

Imaging Technique	Resolution	Multiplexing capability	Live imaging compatible	References
Multiplex tissue immunoblotting	Multicellular	Up to 20 antibodies	No	[9–11]
3D registration atlases (for organisms with high degree of stereotypy)	Cellular	Unlimited	Yes	[12]
Multi-epitope- ligand cartography / Toponomics	Subcellular (0.2 × 0.2 × 5 μm)	100 antibodies demonstrated, theoretically more	No	[13,14]
Array tomography	Synaptic (200 × 200 × 70 nm)	24 antibodies demonstrated, theoretically more	No	[15,16]
STED	Synaptic- Subsynaptic (80 × 80 × 80 nm in fixed tissue) (65 × 65 × 500 nm for live imaging)	3 simultaneous colors. Potential for sequential multiplexing	Yes	[18, 19, 46]
STORM	Subsynaptic (14 × 14 × 35 nm in fixed tissue) (30 × 30 × 50 nm for live imaging)	3 antibodies simultaneously; 13 demonstrated with registration using a synaptic coordinate system, theoretically more	Yes	[21, 29]
ATEM	Macromolecular (0.5 × 0.5 × 40 nm)	11 antibodies demonstrated, theoretically more	No	[26–28]