Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Patients.*
| Variable | CABG Alone (N = 499) | CABG with Surgical Ventricular Reconstruction (N = 501) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||
| Age — yr
| ||
| Median | 62 | 62 |
|
| ||
| Interquartile range | 54–69 | 55–69 |
|
| ||
| Female sex — no. (%) | 78 (16) | 69 (14) |
|
| ||
| Race — no. (%)†
| ||
| White | 451 (90) | 460 (92) |
|
| ||
| Black or other | 48 (10) | 41 (8) |
|
| ||
| Body-mass index
| ||
| Median | 27 | 27 |
|
| ||
| Interquartile range | 25–30 | 24–30 |
|
| ||
|
Medical history
| ||
| Myocardial infarction — no. (%) | 435 (87) | 437 (87) |
|
| ||
| Hyperlipidemia — no. (%) | 367 (74) | 351 (70) |
|
| ||
| Hypertension — no. (%) | 289 (58) | 296 (59) |
|
| ||
| Diabetes — no. (%) | 173 (35) | 171 (34) |
|
| ||
| Current smoker — no. (%) | 117 (23) | 100 (20) |
|
| ||
| Previous percutaneous coronary intervention — no. (%) | 100 (20) | 95 (19) |
|
| ||
| Chronic renal insufficiency — no. (%) | 42 (8) | 43 (9) |
|
| ||
| Stroke — no. (%) | 28 (6) | 28 (6) |
|
| ||
| Previous CABG — no. (%) | 15 (3) | 9 (2) |
|
| ||
| Current Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina class — no. (%)
| ||
| No angina | 121 (24) | 128 (26) |
|
| ||
| I | 36 (7) | 35 (7) |
|
| ||
| II | 94 (19) | 94 (19) |
|
| ||
| III | 203 (41) | 205 (41) |
|
| ||
| IV | 45 (9) | 39 (8) |
|
| ||
| Current New York Heart Association heart failure class — no. (%)
| ||
| I | 36 (7) | 50 (10) |
|
| ||
| II | 222 (44) | 207 (41) |
|
| ||
| III | 210 (42) | 218 (44) |
|
| ||
| IV | 31 (6) | 26 (5) |
|
| ||
| Blood pressure — mm Hg
| ||
| Systolic
| ||
| Median | 120 | 120 |
|
| ||
| Interquartile range | 110–130 | 110–130 |
|
| ||
| Diastolic
| ||
| Median | 71 | 74 |
|
| ||
| Interquartile range | 65–80 | 66–80 |
|
| ||
| Pulse — beats/min
| ||
| Median | 70 | 72 |
|
| ||
| Interquartile range | 64–80 | 64–80 |
|
| ||
|
Baseline laboratory measure
| ||
| Creatinine — mg/dl | ||
|
| ||
| Median | 1.1 | 1.1 |
|
| ||
| Interquartile range | 0.9–1.3 | 0.9–1.3 |
|
| ||
| Left ventricular function | ||
|
| ||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction — %
| ||
| Median | 28 | 28 |
|
| ||
| Interquartile range | 23–31 | 24–31 |
|
| ||
| End-systolic volume index — ml/m2
| ||
| Median | 82 | 82 |
|
| ||
| Interquartile range | 65–102 | 66–105 |
|
| ||
| Akinesia or dyskinesia of anterior wall — %
| ||
| Median | 56 | 50 |
|
| ||
| Interquartile range | 40–60 | 40–60 |
|
| ||
| Mitral regurgitation — no. (%)‡
| ||
| None or trace | 173 (35) | 190 (38) |
|
| ||
| Mild (≤2+) | 233 (47) | 216 (43) |
|
| ||
| Moderate (3+) | 72 (14) | 70 (14) |
|
| ||
| Severe (4+) | 16 (3) | 20 (4) |
|
| ||
| Not assessed | 5 (1) | 5 (1) |
|
| ||
|
Coronary anatomy
| ||
| No. of vessels with stenosis of ≥50% — no. (%) | ||
|
| ||
| One | 36 (7) | 51 (10) |
|
| ||
| Two | 144 (29) | 131 (26) |
|
| ||
| Three | 319 (64) | 319 (64) |
|
| ||
| Stenosis of left main coronary artery — no. (%)
| ||
| 50–74% | 72 (14) | 61 (12) |
|
| ||
| ≥75% | 31 (6) | 33 (7) |
|
| ||
| ≥75% Stenosis of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery — no. (%) | 388 (78) | 369 (74) |
|
| ||
| Duke Coronary Artery Disease Severity Index§
| ||
| Median — % | 65 | 65 |
|
| ||
| Interquartile range — % | 43–91 | 39–91 |
|
| ||
|
Medication at baseline — %
| ||
| Beta-blocker | 85 | 87 |
|
| ||
| ACE inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker | 87 | 89 |
|
| ||
| ACE inhibitor | 80 | 82 |
|
| ||
| Digoxin | 17 | 14 |
|
| ||
| Diuretic | 69 | 66 |
|
| ||
| Aspirin | 77 | 77 |
|
| ||
| Aspirin or warfarin | 81 | 83 |
|
| ||
| Statin | 79 | 75 |
*
P>0.05 for all between-group comparisons. The body-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters. ACE denotes angiotensin-converting enzyme, and CABG coronary-artery bypass grafting.
†
Race was self-reported.
‡
Mitral regurgitation was rated with the use of color Doppler and semiquantitative methods.
§
The Duke Coronary Artery Disease Severity Index ranges from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating greater severity.