Table 4.
Vitamins: The average levels of vitamins measured in the Neurotypical group and the Autism Treatment and Autism Placebo groups (pre and post) who completed the study are reported below, along with their standard deviations.
| Vitamins | Units | Neuro-typicals (n = 44) |
Arizona Treatment Group (N = 18) |
Arizona Placebo Group (N = 22) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | % change | p-value | Pre | Post | % change | p-value | |||
| Vit. A (plasma) | ug/100 ml | 54.9 +/- 12 |
62.3 +/- 12 |
59.0 +/-13 |
-5% | n.s. | 50.2 +/- 7.2 |
52.9 +/-13 |
+5% | n.s. |
| Total Carotenes (beta carotene and other carotenes, in plasma) |
ug/ 100 ml |
178 +/-53 |
158 +/- 53 |
170 +/- 65 |
+7% | n.s. | 136 +/- 53 |
150 +/-59 |
+10% | n.s. |
| Vit B1 Thiamine (WB) |
ug/l | 63 +/-9 |
63 +/- 12 |
80 +/-12 |
+27% | 0.0005 | 65 +/-9 |
65 +/-11 |
0% | n.s. |
| Vit B2 Riboflavin (WB) |
ug/l | 282 +/-52 |
291 +/- 42 |
295 +/-36 |
1% | n.s. | 272 +/- 45 |
262 +/-55 |
-3% | n.s. |
| Vit B3 Niacin and Niacinamide (WB) |
ug/l | 7.07 +/-1.0 |
6.7 +/- 1.1 |
7.3 +/-0.9 |
+9% | 0.04 | 7.1 +/- 1.3 |
7.2 +/-1.0 |
+1% | n.s. |
| Vit B5 Pantothenic Acid (WB) |
ug/l | 714 +/-180 |
654 +/- 104 |
748 +/-170 |
+14% | 0.06 | 600 +/- 117 |
629 +/-159 |
+5% | n.s. |
| Vit B6 (as P5P in RBC) | ug/l | 15.2 +/-5.3 |
20.3 +/- 15 |
58.1 +/-24 |
+187% | 0.00001 | 17.8 +/- 14 |
16.1 +/-11 |
-10% | n.s. |
| Folic Acid (serum) | ug/l | 18.7 +/-6.1 |
20.1 +/- 7.5 |
26.3 +/-7.1 |
+31% | 0.03 | 15.3 +/- 4.8 |
17.8 +/-8.2 |
17% | 0.09 |
| Vit B12 (plasma) |
ng/l | 676 +/-215 |
696 +/- 231 |
835 +/-259 |
+20% | 0.002 | 690 +/- 240 |
639 +/-246 |
-7% | n.s. |
| Vit C (plasma) |
mg/ 100 ml |
1.33 +/-0.46 |
1.59 +/- 0.60 |
2.08 +/-0.34 |
+31% | 0.007 | 1.60 +/- 0.59 |
1.55 +/-0.51 |
-3% | n.s. |
| Vit D3 (25-hydroxy in plasma) |
ug/l | 28.6+/-8.5 | 29.6 +/- 8.3 |
25.4 +/-6.2 |
-14% | 0.04 | 28.9 +/- 8.7 |
25.9 +/-7.8 |
-10% | n.s. |
| Total Vit E (serum) | mg/ 100 ml |
0.90 +/-0.32 |
0.78 +/- 0.16 |
0.97 +/-0.21 |
+24% | 0.002 | 0.75 +/- 0.19 |
0.84 +/-0.24 |
+12% | n.s. |
| Biotin (WB) | ng/l | 491 +/-164 |
395 +/- 115 |
595 +/-225 |
+51% | 0.008 |
377 +/- 88 |
527 +/-162 |
+40% | 0.001 |
| Vit K (plasma) | nmol/l | 295 +/- 189 |
288 +/- 116 |
330 +/- 165 |
+15% | n.s. | 317 +/- 197 |
277 +/- 98 |
-13% | n.s. |
| Vitamin-like substances | ||||||||||
| Free Choline (RBC) |
mg/l | 5.6 +/- 1.7 |
6.7 +/- 3.5 |
5.9 +/- 2.0 |
-12% | n.s. | 6.4 +/- 2.3 |
7.0 +/- 1.7 |
+10% | n.s. |
| Total Choline (RBC) |
mg/l | 310 +/- 51.4 |
363 +/- 59 |
343 +/- 43 |
-5% | n.s. | 361 +/- 67 |
368 +/- 42 |
+2% | n.s. |
| Lipoic Acid (plasma) |
ug/l | 2.9 +/- 1.2 |
3.1 +/- 1.8 |
2.3 +/- 0.7 |
-22% | n.s. | 2.3 +/- 1.5 |
2.1 +/- 1.2 |
-9% | n.s. |
| Biomarkers of functional need for vitamins | ||||||||||
| FIGLU | ug/l | 1.62 +/- 0.72 |
1.87 +/- 0.93 |
1.32 +/- 0.64 |
-29% | 0.01 | 2.11 +/- 0.91 |
1.85 +/- 0.98 |
-12% | n.s. |
| Methylmalonic Acid | mg/g-creat | 7.2 +/- 4.8 |
8.2 +/- 5.6 |
4.8 +/- 4.2 |
-41% | 0.03 | 6.7 +/- 5.7 |
8.7 +/- 10.4 |
+30% | n.s. |
| N-methyl-nicotinamide | mg/g-creat | 3.44 +/- 2.1 |
4.62 +/- 3.5 |
3.1 +/- 1.6 |
-33% | n.s. | 4.94 +/- 5.1 |
5.15 +/- 3.1 |
+4% | n.s. |
| Kryptopyrroles | ug/dl | 35.8 +/- 15 |
38.0 +/- 23 |
36.2 +/- 29 |
-5% | n.s. | 40.3 +/- 29 |
38.1 +/- 24 |
-5% | n.s. |
The p-value for a t-test comparison of the change in the level is reported. If the p-value is below 0.05 then the result is highlighted.