Table 6.
Sulfation, Methylation, Glutathione, and Oxidative Stress: The average levels measured in the Neurotypical group and the Autism Treatment and Autism Placebo groups (pre and post) who completed the study are reported below, along with their standard deviations.
| Neuro-typicals (n = 44) |
Arizona Treatment Group (n = 18) |
Arizona Placebo Group (n = 22) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | % change | p-value | Pre | Post | % change | p-value | |||
| Free Sulfate (plasma) |
umol/ g-protein |
4.09 +/- 2.3 |
1.60 +/- 0.6 |
2.93 +/- 2.0 |
+83% | 0.008 | 1.30 +/- 0.4 |
1.98 +/- 1.8 |
+52% | 0.08 |
| Total Sulfate (plasma) |
umol/ g-protein |
1566 +/- 384 |
1150 +/- 254 |
1346 +/- 236 |
+17% | 0.001 | 1093 +/- 184 |
1163 +/- 194 |
+6% | 0.06 |
| SAM (RBC) |
umol/dl | 228.4 +/- 12 |
218 +/- 17 |
230 +/- 16 |
+6% | 0.003 |
213 +/- 12 |
218 +/- 13 |
+3% | 0.005 |
| SAH (RBC) |
umol/dl | 42.6 +/- 4.4 |
40.7 +/- 7.4 |
41.4 +/- 5.0 |
+2% | n.s. |
48.5 +/- 6.9 |
45.4 +/- 7.1 |
-6% | 0.03 |
| Uridine (plasma) |
10-6 M | 7.9 +/- 2.7 |
16.2 +/- 9.5 |
10.4 +/- 4.7 |
-36% | 0.008 | 16.4 +/- 6.9 |
14.5 +/- 5.8 |
-11% | 0.06 |
| Adenosine (plasma) |
10-8 M | 20.6 +/- 3.4 |
21.2 +/- 5.3 |
21.0 +/- 3.2 |
-1% | n.s. |
24.5 +/- 6.2 |
22.8 +/- 4.2 |
-7% | 0.05 |
| Inosine (plasma) |
10-6 M | 3.83 +/- 0.9 |
3.49 +/- 1.0 |
3.83 +/- 0.6 |
+10% | 0.07 | 3.55 +/- 0.9 |
3.49 +/- 1.0 |
-2% | n.s. |
| Reduced plasma glutathione (GSH) | nmol/ml | 4.09 +/- 0.79 |
3.27 +/- 0.59 |
3.84 +/- 0.61 |
+17% | 0.0008 | 3.25 +/- 0.38 |
3.40 +/- 0.42 |
+5% | n.s. |
| Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) | nmol/ml | 0.362 +/- 0.10 |
0.467 +/- 0.12 |
0.403 +/- 0.09 |
-14% | 0.02 | 0.465 +/- 0.14 |
0.431 +/- 0.11 |
-7% | n.s. |
| Ratio of oxidized to reduced plasma glutathione | 0.093 +/- 0.04 |
0.150 +/- 0.05 |
0.109 +/- 0.03 |
-27% | 0.002 | 0.147 +/- 0.05 |
0.132 +/- 0.05 |
-10% | n.s. | |
| Plasma nitro-tyrosine | ug/l | 7.4 +/- 5.1 |
14.1 +/- 6.5 |
9.9 +/- 5.4 |
-29% | 0.004 | 19.0 +/0 8.6 |
16.3 +/- 9.2 |
-14% | 0.10 |
The p-value for a t-test comparison of the change in the level is reported. If the p-value is below 0.05, then the result is highlighted. Sulfation is assessed by free and total sulfate, methylation is assessed by SAM and uridine, glutathione is assessed by GSH, and oxidative stress is assessed by GSH:GSSG ratio and nitrotyrosine.