Table 9.
Secondary Amino Acids.
| Amino Acids | Neuro-typicals (n = 44) |
Arizona Treatment Group (n = 18) |
Arizona Placebo Group (n = 20) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | % change | p-value | Pre | Post | % change | p-value | ||
| 1-Methyl histidine | 0.355 +/- 0.12 |
0.354 +/- 0.15 |
0.369 +/- 0.10 |
+4% | n.s. |
0.407 +/- 0.14 |
0.329 +/- 0.094 |
-19% | 0.05 |
| 3-Methyl histidine | 0.68 +/- 0.52 |
0.68 +/- 0.55 |
0.54 +/- 0.46 |
-21% | n.s. | 0.83 +/- 0.88 |
0.470 +/- 0.35 |
-43% | 0.10 |
| Alpha-amino adipate (31%/27% below dl) |
0.088 +/- 0.044 |
0.084 +/- 0.035 |
0.099 +/- 0.052 |
+17% | n.s. | 0.079 +/- 0.031 |
0.095 +/- 0.053 |
+20% | n.s. |
| Alpha-amino-N-butyrate | 1.82 +/- 0.72 |
1.81 +/- 0.60 |
1.55 +/- 0.52 |
-15% | n.s. | 1.68 +/- 0.58 |
1.60 +/- 0.50 |
-5% | n.s. |
| Anserine (84%/95% below dl) |
0.051 +/- 0.005 |
0.055 +/- 0.019 |
0.0054 +/- 0.016 |
-1% | n.s. | 0.052 +/- 0.0078 |
All results below detectable limit | -3% | n.s. |
| Beta-alanine | 0.62 +/- 0.31 |
0.57 +/- 0.23 |
0.60 +/- 0.18 |
+6% | n.s. | 0.72 +/- 0.35 |
0.58 +/- 0.16 |
-20% | n.s. |
| Beta-amino isobutyrate | 0.138 +/- 0.088 |
0.170 +/- 0.070 |
0.162 +/- 0.077 |
-5% | n.s. | 0.172 +/- 0.077 |
0.170 +/- 0.072 |
-1% | n.s. |
| Carnosine (73%/84% below dl) |
0.054 +/- 0.015 |
0.063 +/- 0.042 |
(All results below dl) | -21% | n.s. | 0.056 +/- 0.020 |
0.050 +/- 0.001 |
-11% | n.s. |
| Citrulline | 3.02 +/- 0.52 |
3.02 +/- 0.69 |
3.34 +/- 0.98 |
+10% | n.s. | 3.02 +/- 1.0 |
3.15 +/- 0.80 |
+4% | n.s. |
| Ethanol amine | 0.94 +/- 0.63 |
1.15 +/- 0.90 |
0.81 +/- 0.47 |
-29% | n.s. | 0.90 +/- 0.68 |
0.86 +/- 0.41 |
-4% | n.s. |
| Gamma-amino butyrate (75%/84% below dl) |
0.053 +/- 0.008 |
0.053 +/- 0.08 |
0.053 +/- 0.007 |
-1% | n.s. | 0.053 +/- 0.006 |
0.051 +/- 0.004 |
-3% | n.s. |
| Homocystine + Homocysteine (69%/86% below dl) |
0.0055 +/- 0.0016 |
0.0087 +/- 0.0051 |
0.0057 +/- 0.0014 |
-34% | 0.02 | 0.0078 +/- 0.0068 |
0.0054 +/- 0.0010 |
-30% | n.s. |
| Hydroxy proline | 2.19 +/- 0.80 |
2.34 +/- 0.90 |
1.92 +/- 0.58 |
-18% | 0.03 |
2.54 +/- 0.63 |
2.15 +/- 0.51 |
-15% | 0.04 |
| Methionine Sulfoxide | 0.315 +/- 0.21 |
0.371 +/- 0.22 |
0.335 +/- 0.16 |
-10% | n.s. | 0.341 +/- 0.15 |
0.432 +/- 0.30 |
+27% | n.s. |
| Ornithine | 6.0 +/- 1.7 |
5.0 +/- 1.2 |
6.5 +/- 1.9 |
+29% | 0.008 | 6.3 +/- 1.8 |
6.00 +/- 1.4 |
-5% | n.s. |
| Phospho ethanol amine | 1.55 +/- 0.58 |
1.32 +/- 1.0 |
1.53 +/- 0.55 |
+16% | n.s. | 1.51 +/- 0.56 |
1.80 +/- 0.56 |
+19% | n.s. |
| Phospho serine | 0.024 +/- 0.044 |
0.055 +/- 1.0 |
0.015 +/- 0.007 |
-73% | n.s. |
0.058 +/- 0.08 |
0.017 +/- 0.009 |
-70% | 0.05 |
| Sarcosine | 0.89 +/- 0.36 |
0.78 +/- 0.32 |
1.06 +/- 0.35 |
+35% | 0.01 |
0.85 +/- 0.34 |
1.12 +/- 0.38 |
+32% | 0.01 |
| Taurine | 16.8 +/- 5.8 |
13.7 +/- 6.1 |
17.7 +/- 5.7 |
+29% | 0.07 |
15.5 +/- 5.8 |
19.9 +/- 5.9 |
+28% | 0.03 |
| Urea | 309 +/- 87 |
329 +/- 105 |
270 +/- 62 |
-18% | 0.04 | 257 +/- 71 |
252. +/- 106 |
-2% | n.s. |
The average levels of secondary amino acids in plasma (in units of micromoles per 100 ml) measured in the Neurotypical group and the Autism Treatment and Autism Placebo groups (pre and post) who completed the study are reported below, along with their standard deviations. The p-value for a t-test comparison of the change in the level is reported. If the p-value is below 0.05, then the result is highlighted. In some cases data was below the detectable limit -if this was greater than 20%, then we report the data as the % of the autism group and then the % of the neurotypical group below the detectable limit (dl).