Table 3.
Standardized loadings for the three-factor model and the bifactor model and severity parameters for the bifactor model
| three-factor model | bifactor model | Severity parameters | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbreviated items | depression | worrying | somatic symptoms | general factor | hopelessness suicidal thoughts | generalized worrying | restlessness -fatigue | 1. threshold | 2. threshold |
| M_1 miserable or unhappy | 0.74 | 0.68 | 0.27 | -1.15 | 2.41 | ||||
| M_2 not enjoy anything | 0.55 | 0.51 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 4.08 | ||||
| M_ 3 less hungry | 0.40 | 0.39 | -0.05 | 2.82 | |||||
| M_8 no good any more | 0.82 | 0.73 | 0.42 | 0.89 | 2.49 | ||||
| M_9 blamed myself | 0.72 | 0.67 | 0.23 | 0.57 | 2.31 | ||||
| M_12 talking less | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.59 | 0.05 | 2.15 | ||||
| M_14 cried a lot | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.65 | 0.16 | 0.94 | 2.40 | |||
| M_15 nothing good in the future | 0.77 | 0.67 | 0.47 | 1.27 | 2.60 | ||||
| M_16 life not worth living | 0.86 | 0.69 | 0.67 | 1.54 | 2.74 | ||||
| M_17 thought about dying | 0.72 | 0.61 | 0.49 | 1.56 | 3.30 | ||||
| M_18 my family would be better off without me | 0.77 | 0.65 | 0.52 | 1.48 | 2.77 | ||||
| M_19 thought about killing myself | 0.80 | 0.66 | 0.56 | 2.03 | 3.50 | ||||
| M_20 didn't want to see friends | 0.55 | 0.55 | 1.16 | 3.80 | |||||
| M_22 bad things would happen to me | 0.45 | 0.35 | 0.77 | 0.15 | 0.65 | 2.36 | |||
| M_23 hated myself | 0.86 | 0.77 | 0.44 | 0.95 | 2.13 | ||||
| M_24 bad person | 0.70 | 0.65 | 0.24 | 0.92 | 2.82 | ||||
| M_25 looked ugly | 0.47 | 0.26 | 0.72 | -0.22 | 1.36 | ||||
| M_27 felt lonely | 0.78 | 0.72 | 0.30 | 0.39 | 2.04 | ||||
| M_28 nobody really loved me | 0.82 | 0.72 | 0.44 | 1.13 | 2.25 | ||||
| M_29 no fun at school | 0.38 | 0.23 | 0.58 | 0.17 | 2.31 | ||||
| M_30 never be as good as other kids | 0.76 | 0.72 | 0.19 | 0.42 | 2.07 | ||||
| M_31 did everything wrong | 0.77 | 0.74 | 0.15 | 0.55 | 2.28 | ||||
| R_3 others seemed to do things more easily | 0.72 | 0.71 | -0.51 | 1.45 | |||||
| R_4 trouble getting breath | 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.55 | 1.51 | 3.35 | ||||
| R_9 others did not like the way I did things | 0.74 | 0.73 | 0.04 | 1.85 | |||||
| R_12 alone even when there were people with me | 0.81 | 0.75 | 0.28 | 0.75 | 2.09 | ||||
| R_13 sick to my stomach | 0.68 | 0.67 | 1.01 | 2.76 | |||||
| R_14 got hurt easily | 0.22 | 0.57 | 0.77 | 0.16 | 1.53 | ||||
| R_18 other children were happier | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.18 | -0.12 | 1.49 | ||||
| R_27 people were against me | 0.70 | 0.66 | 0.19 | 0.97 | 2.45 | ||||
| M_10 hard to make up mind | 0.22 | 0.34 | 0.52 | -1.13 | 1.83 | ||||
| M_14 cried | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.66 | 0.92 | 2.36 | ||||
| M_22 bad things would happen to me | 0.45 | 0.35 | 0.76 | 0.66 | 2.39 | ||||
| M_25 looked ugly | 0.47 | 0.26 | 0.72 | -0.22 | 1.36 | ||||
| M_26 worried about aches and pains | 0.20 | 0.36 | 0.50 | 0.34 | 2.86 | ||||
| R_1 trouble making up my mind | 0.19 | 0.49 | 0.63 | -0.59 | 1.92 | ||||
| R_2 worried when things did not go the right way | 0.80 | 0.76 | 0.24 | -0.16 | 1.50 | ||||
| R_5 worried a lot of the time | 0.83 | 0.76 | 0.46 | 0.17 | 1.61 | ||||
| R_6 afraid of a lot of things | 0.82 | 0.76 | 0.29 | 0.76 | 2.16 | ||||
| R_8 worried about what my parents would say | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.29 | 1.82 | |||||
| R_11 worried about what other people thought about me | 0.75 | 0.73 | -0.48 | 1.23 | |||||
| R_14 got hurt easily | 0.22 | 0.57 | 0.77 | 0.16 | 1.53 | ||||
| R_17 worried about what was going to happen | 0.84 | 0.78 | 0.32 | 0.12 | 1.74 | ||||
| R_19 bad dreams | 0.56 | 0.55 | 1.38 | 3.24 | |||||
| R_20 got hurt easily when I was fussed at | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.71 | 1.95 | |||||
| R_21 someone would tell me I did things the wrong way | 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.46 | 2.21 | |||||
| R_22 wake up scared | 0.61 | 0.57 | 0.23 | 1.84 | 3.63 | ||||
| R_23 worried when I went to bed | 0.70 | 0.63 | 0.43 | 0.90 | 2.48 | ||||
| R_26 worried | 0.82 | 0.74 | 0.50 | -0.22 | 1.54 | ||||
| R_28 worried about something bad happening to me | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0.16 | 0.55 | 2.06 | ||||
| M_4 ate more | 0.28 | 0.25 | a | a | |||||
| M_5 so tired I just sat around and did nothing | 0.58 | 0.50 | 0.29 | -0.58 | 2.34 | ||||
| M_6 moving and walking more slowly | 0.55 | 0.47 | 0.33 | 1.13 | 3.55 | ||||
| M_7 restless | 0.46 | 0.37 | 0.48 | -0.46 | 3.24 | ||||
| M_10 hard to make up my mind | 0.22 | 0.34 | 0.52 | -1.13 | 1.83 | ||||
| M_11 grumpy and cross easily | 0.70 | 0.62 | 0.18 | -1.16 | 1.19 | ||||
| M_12 talking a lot less than usual | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.59 | 0.05 | 2.15 | ||||
| M_13 talking more slowly than usual | 0.54 | 0.47 | 0.25 | 2.06 | 4.15 | ||||
| M_21 hard to think properly or concentrate | 0.79 | 0.69 | 0.29 | -0.75 | 1.78 | ||||
| M_26 worried about aches and pains | 0.20 | 0.36 | 0.50 | 0.20 | 0.34 | 2.86 | |||
| M_29 no fun at school | 0.38 | 0.23 | 0.58 | 0.17 | 2.31 | ||||
| M_32 didn't sleep as well as usual | 0.61 | 0.52 | 0.39 | -0.13 | 2.12 | ||||
| M_33 slept more | 0.15 | 0.13 | a | a | |||||
| R_1 trouble making up my mind | 0.19 | 0.49 | 0.63 | -0.59 | 1.92 | ||||
| R_4 trouble getting breath | 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.55 | 1.51 | 3.35 | ||||
| R_7 got angry easily | 0.69 | 0.61 | 0.17 | -0.48 | 1.43 | ||||
| R_10 hard for me to get to sleep | 0.62 | 0.54 | 0.27 | -0.41 | 1.76 | ||||
| R_15 hands felt sweaty | 0.48 | 0.42 | 0.20 | 0.79 | 3.38 | ||||
| R_16 tired a lot | 0.71 | 0.61 | 0.39 | -0.75 | 1.28 | ||||
| R_24 hard to keep my mind on school work | 0.75 | 0.68 | -0.50 | 1.40 | |||||
| R_ 25 wiggled in my seat | 0.52 | 0.44 | 0.33 | 0.05 | 2.20 | ||||
M = Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, R = Revised Children Manifest Anxiety Scale
The blanks refer to items which were not specified to load on the relevant factors in the confirmatory factor analysis.
a Due to the very low factor loading < .3 on the general factor, severity parameters were not computed.