Figure 8. Examples of damage to model Crotalus l. lepidus during the course of the model predation study.

All photos show damage on the dorsal surface of models. (A) An example of a decapitated model, note the decapitated head in the bottom right hand corner which has a single peck mark in the center. Typically models found with breaks were either decapitated or broken in several locations. (B) An example of a model showing a peck mark. Peck marks include single circular and triangular marks such as the one shown in this photo and also pairs of triangle shaped pecks indicating an open beak. (C) An example of a model showing bite marks. Bites were either full round chunks removed from the model or the impression of teeth marks left in the model. (D) An example of a model showing a questionable mark. In this case it is clear that a Barbary sheep, Ammotragus lervia, had stepped on the model. However, other questionable attacks include potential arthropod damage and incidences where it was unclear if an avian or non-predator attack occurred.