. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jan 25.

Published in final edited form as: Open Womens Health J. 2010;4:55–61. doi: 10.2174/1874291201004020055

Table 4.

Crude and Adjusted ORs of Birth Outcomes, Infant Death, and Cause-Specific Infant Death comparing First Nations Versus Non-First Nations in Manitoba, 1991–2000

Outcome	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR^§ (95% CI)	Adjusted OR^# (95% CI)

Births
Preterm	1.13 (1.07, 1.18)^*	1.09 (1.03, 1.15)^*	0.94 (0.89, 1.01)
Small for gestational-age	0.77 (0.74, 0.81)^*	0.70 (0.67, 0.74)^*	0.61 (0.58, 0.65)^*
Large for gestational-age	1.70 (1.64, 1.77)^*	1.80 (1.72, 1.87)^*	1.85 (1.77, 1.94)^*
Deaths
Infant	1.95 (1.69, 2.26)^*	1.51 (1.28, 1.78)^*	1.31 (1.10, 1.58)^*
Neonatal	1.12 (0.90, 1.40)	0.99 (0.77, 1.27)	0.92 (0.70, 1.21)
Postneonatal	3.59 (2.92, 4.41)^*	2.24 (1.77, 2.83)^*	1.79 (1.38, 2.32)^*
Cause-specific infant death
Congenital anomalies	1.67 (1.29, 2.16)^*	1.57 (1.17, 2.11)^*	1.47 (1.05, 2.05)^*
Immaturity-related	0.76 (0.49, 1.18)	0.53 (0.33, 0.85)^*	0.49 (0.29, 0.81)^*
Neonatal asphyxia	1.41 (0.74, 2.69)	1.67 (0.78, 3.57)	1.71 (0.75, 3.91)
Postneonatal SIDS	4.47 (3.00, 6.67)^*	2.12 (1.35, 3.31)^*	1.64 (1.00, 2.67)^*

P<0.05. OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval; SIDS=sudden infant death syndrome.

^§

The adjusted ORs were controlled for individual-level characteristics: infant sex (male, female), maternal age (<20, 20–34, 35+), marital status (married or not), parity (primiparous or not) and multiple pregnancy (singleton or not), plus rural versus urban residence.

The adjusted ORs were controlled for the above-mentioned characteristics plus neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics (lowest status quintile versus all other neighborhoods) with respect to income, education, lone parents, and unemployment. See Methods for details.