Table 2.
Differences in characteristics of participants relative to Census region
| Variable | Category | West | Midwest | South | Northeast | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Mean ± Standard Deviation | 44.6 ± 16.4 | 46.0 ± 17.2 | 45.4 ± 16.7 | 46.8 ± 37.3 | < 0.0001 |
| Sex | % Male | 49.31% | 48.53% | 48.63% | 48.03% | 0.4840 |
| Race/Ethnicity | % White | 54.67% | 85.95% | 67.48% | 93.08% | < 0.0001 |
| % Black | 3.18% | 6.69% | 13.99% | 1.14% | ||
| % Other | 42.15% | 7.36% | 18.53% | 5.78% | ||
| Education | % < High School | 16.62% | 8.21% | 12.69% | 6.86% | < 0.0001 |
| % High School Grad | 23.81% | 32.52% | 29.38% | 29.79% | ||
| % Some College | 26.43% | 28.49% | 26.60% | 26.03% | ||
| % College Grad | 33.13% | 30.78% | 31.33% | 37.32% | ||
| Income | % < $10,000 | 7.39% | 3.44% | 4.96% | 3.28% | < 0.0001 |
| % $10-$15,000 | 7.15% | 3.86% | 5.05% | 4.23% | ||
| % $15-$20,000 | 7.26% | 6.03% | 7.61% | 5.52% | ||
| % $20-$25,000 | 8.07% | 8.54% | 9.83% | 7.50% | ||
| % $25-$35,000 | 11.21% | 13.18% | 12.76% | 11.30% | ||
| % $35-$50,000 | 13.47% | 17.53% | 15.85% | 16.52% | ||
| % $50-$75,000 | 16.15% | 20.13% | 16.95% | 20.12% | ||
| % ≥ $75,000 | 29.31% | 27.28% | 26.99% | 31.53% | ||
| Employment | % Employed for Wages | 51.71% | 54.50% | 52.00% | 54.76% | < 0.0001 |
| % Self Employed | 10.00% | 8.25% | 8.85% | 10.79% | ||
| % Out of Work > 1yr | 2.04% | 1.63% | 2.09% | 1.58% | ||
| % Out of Work < 1yr | 3.86% | 2.87% | 2.84% | 2.60% | ||
| % Home Maker | 9.09% | 6.80% | 8.39% | 5.85% | ||
| % Student | 4.17% | 4.85% | 4.45% | 4.52% | ||
| % Retired | 14.38% | 16.99% | 15.65% | 15.68% | ||
| % Unable to Work | 4.73% | 4.10% | 5.75% | 4.22% | ||
| Depression | Mean ± Standard Deviation | 1.32 ± 2.84 | 1.15 ± 2.73 | 1.26 ± 2.89 | 1.09 ± 5.96 | < 0.0001 |
| Time Since Last Medical Checkup | Never | 2.91% | 1.27% | 1.73% | 0.46% | < 0.0001 |
| Within Past Year | 61.62% | 66.35% | 67.82% | 72.75% | ||
| Within Past 2 years | 15.83% | 14.05% | 13.38% | 13.44% | ||
| Within Past 5 years | 11.02% | 9.29% | 8.65% | 7.30% | ||
| Over 5 Years | 8.63% | 9.04% | 8.42% | 6.05% | ||
| General Health | Excellent | 21.39% | 19.20% | 21.70% | 24.08% | < 0.0001 |
| Very Good | 31.38% | 36.71% | 31.71% | 36.92% | ||
| Good | 30.09% | 30.08% | 29.76% | 26.67% | ||
| Poor | 12.94% | 10.32% | 11.92% | 9.08% | ||
| Very Poor | 4.21% | 3.69% | 4.90% | 3.23% | ||
| Mental Health | Mean ± Standard Deviation | 3.66 ± 6.95 | 3.27 ± 7.06 | 3.46 ± 7.35 | 3.21 ± 15.52 | 0.0002 |
| Physical Health | Mean ± Standard Deviation | 3.68 ± 7.36 | 3.40 ± 7.53 | 3.59 ± 7.64 | 3.42 ± 16.63 | 0.0169 |
| Alcoholic Drinks/Month | Mean ± Standard Deviation | 41.2 ± 131.3 | 39.1 ± 100.5 | 37.3 ± 166.4 | 44.9 ± 203.7 | 0.0002 |
| Smoking Status | Current Everyday | 10.71% | 16.52% | 15.69% | 14.86% | < 0.0001 |
| Current Some Days | 5.54% | 5.11% | 5.29% | 4.51% | ||
| Former | 24.04% | 25.48% | 23.36% | 29.82% | ||
| Never | 59.71% | 52.89% | 55.66% | 50.82% | ||
| Body Mass Index | Mean ± Standard Deviation | 26.8 ± 5.2 | 27.5 ± 5.7 | 27.4 ± 5.8 | 26.8 ± 11.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Sunlight Exposure | Mean ± Standard Deviation | 69.1 ± 7.5 | 54.7 ± 3.7 | 62.8 ± 4.6 | 52.1 ± 13.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Mean High Temperature | Mean ± Standard Deviation | 69.2 ± 5.1 | 57.5 ± 4.6 | 75.2 ± 4.5 | 52.6 ± 11.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Mean Day Length | Mean ± Standard Deviation | 564 ± 31 | 542 ± 14 | 598 ± 15 | 538 ± 20 | < 0.0001 |