FIG. 2.

Chemokine transcripts induced in human islet cells in response to inflammatory stimuli (qRT-PCR analysis). Chemokine transcript expression in human islets cultured as described in the legend to Fig.1 and RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS was measured by qRT-PCR using a 5′-nuclease assay and FAM dye–labeled TaqMan MGB probes with two PCR primers. Endogenous HPRT1 was used for normalization. Data (mean ± SE; four donors) was quantified using the 2^–ΔΔ C_T method and expressed relative to an islet sample incubated in medium alone. For direct comparison, a value of 1.0 (dotted line) was assigned to TNFα-induced (CCL5, CXCL9/10, and CX3CL1) or IL-1β–induced (CCL22) chemokine transcripts. Asterisks indicate significant differences between control and cytokine-treated islets.