TABLE 1.
Multivariate analyses of the relationship of religious and explanatory factors with presence and severity of depression
| Depression Status (N = 597, including 434 depressed patients and 163 comparison subjects) | Depression Severity (MADRS, N = 434 depressed patients) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model Aa | Model Ba | Model A | Model B | |||||||||
| OR | (95% CI) | pb | OR | (95% CI) | pb | B | β | pc | B | β | pc | |
| Constant | 31.25 | < .001 | 32.24 | < .001 | ||||||||
| Religious Factors | ||||||||||||
| Worship attendance | 0.67 | (0.57 to 0.78) | < .001 | 0.81 | (0.64 to 1.02) | .068 | −1.00 | −0.22 | < .001 | −0.84 | −0.19 | .001 |
| Religious media use | 1.07 | (0.93 to 1.25) | .342 | 0.99 | (0.79 to 1.24) | .925 | 0.22 | 0.05 | .367 | 0.19 | 0.05 | .434 |
| Private religious activity | 1.21 | (1.04 to 1.42) | .015 | 1.36 | (1.08 to 1.72) | .010 | 0.31 | 0.07 | .258 | 0.36 | 0.08 | .181 |
| Subjective religiosity | 1.09 | (0.69 to 1.72) | .713 | 0.89 | (0.45 to 1.79) | .745 | 1.99 | 0.16 | .013 | 1.75 | 0.14 | .028 |
| Group Affiliationd | ||||||||||||
| Conservative Protestant | 1.59 | (0.85 to 2.90) | .151 | 1.32 | (0.52 to 3.36) | .563 | 0.09 | 0.01 | .926 | −0.23 | −0.02 | .806 |
| Catholic | 0.83 | (0.43 to 1.61) | .586 | 0.92 | (0.35 to 2.41) | .863 | −0.79 | −0.03 | .558 | −0.74 | −0.03 | .581 |
| Other religion | 1.42 | (0.65 to 3.14) | .381 | 0.98 | (0.31 to 3.12) | .979 | −2.34 | −0.08 | .117 | −2.42 | −0.09 | .102 |
| No religion | 1.36 | (0.52 to 3.54) | .535 | 1.08 | (0.24 to 4.77) | .922 | 1.12 | 0.04 | .519 | 0.93 | 0.03 | .591 |
| Religious/Spiritual Experiences | ||||||||||||
| Born again | 1.19 | (0.67 to 2.10) | .556 | 1.05 | (0.43 to 2.56) | .910 | −2.26 | −0.14 | .020 | −2.12 | −0.13 | .027 |
| Life-changing | 1.14 | (0.49 to 2.65) | .761 | 1.65 | (0.51 to 5.36) | .405 | −2.03 | −0.07 | .182 | −1.62 | −0.05 | .284 |
| Explanatory Factors | ||||||||||||
| Social support | 0.61 | (0.53 to 0.72) | < .001 | −0.19 | −0.10 | .052 | ||||||
| Stress | 2.19 | (1.85 to 2.60) | < .001 | 0.32 | 0.09 | .067 | ||||||
| Model Statistics | ||||||||||||
| χ215 = 143.71 Nagelkerke r2 = .310 |
χ217 = 414.77 Nagelkerke r2 =.725 Stepwise χ22 = 271.06, p < .001 |
F15,418 = 3.10, p < .001 adjusted r2 = .068 |
F17,416 = 3.28, p < .001 adjusted r2 = .082 r2 change = .018, p = .015 |
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a
1 = depressed patient, 0 = comparison subject
b
Based on Wald χ2 statistics with df = 1
c
Based on t statistics with df = 418 (Model A) or df = 416 (Model B)
d
Comparison group is mainline Protestant
MADRS: Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; OR: OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.