Table 2.

Muscle strength (manual muscle test) of participants (N=19) and muscle strength comparisons between the ‘improved’ (N=10) and the ‘not improved’ (N=9) groups.

Muscle group	Side	Mean ± SD (N=19)	Improved (N=10)	Not improved (N=9)	p
Hip Flexors	More affected	2.13 ± 0.76	1.75	2.55	0.02*
	Less affected	3.50 ± 0.76	3.30	3.72	0.42
Hip Extensors	More affected	1.82 ± 1.04	1.40	2.28	0.02*
	Less affected	3.02 ± 1.24	2.80	3.28	0.51
Hip Abductors	More affected	2.02 ± 1.37	1.70	2.39	0.41
	Less affected	3.32 ± 1.02	3.00	3.67	0.17
Knee Flexors	More affected	2.45 ± 1.22	1.95	3.00	0.02*
	Less affected	4.08 ± 0.75	3.95	4.22	0.55
Knee Extensors	More affected	3.37 ± 0.96	3.00	3.78	0.10
	Less affected	4.34 ± 0.62	3.95	4.78	0.00*
Ankle Dorsiflexors	More affected	1.39 ± 1.16	0.85	2.00	0.02*
	Less affected	3.87 ± 1.10	4.00	3.72	0.67
Ankle Plantarflexors	More affected	2.00 ± 1.11	1.60	2.44	0.13
	Less affected	3.39 ± 1.01	3.20	3.61	0.55
Great toe Extensors	More affected	2.97 ± 1.51	2.45	3.56	0.13
	Less affected	4.29 ± 1.07	4.25	4.33	0.81

^*Significant at p < .05. p was calculated using Mann-Whitney U tests.

Participants were categorized as ‘improved’ if their gait speed improved by at least 5% with the use of FES as compared to ‘no orthosis’.