Table 2.

Growth Curve Models of Living Arrangement Effects on Health in China (N = 14,954)

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
	Coef. (SE)	Coef. (SE)	Coef. (SE)	Coef. (SE)
Fixed effects
Intercept	2.41*** (0.01)	2.23*** (0.03)	2.21*** (0.03)	2.23*** (0.03)
Age	−0.23*** (0.02)	−0.22*** (0.02)	−0.20*** (0.02)	−0.20*** (0.02)
Age square	−0.03 (0.02)	−0.02 (0.02)	−0.02 (0.02)	−0.02 (0.02)
Skipped generation	−0.03 (0.03)	−0.03 (0.03)	−0.03 (0.03)	−0.14** (0.05)
Three generation (ref. category: noncoresiding)	−0.03 (0.02)	−0.02 (0.02)	−0.02 (0.02)	−0.02 (0.03)
Paternal	0.03 (0.02)	0.07** (0.02)	0.07** (0.02)	0.07** (0.02)
Age × Skipped Generation	0.04 (0.05)	0.04 (0.05)	0.04 (0.05)	0.04 (0.05)
Age × Three Generation (ref. category: noncoresiding)	−0.16*** (0.04)	−0.15*** (0.04)	−0.15*** (0.04)	−0.15*** (0.04)
Age × Paternal	0.11* (0.04)	0.09* (0.04)	0.09* (0.04)	0.09* (0.04)
Sex (female = 0)	0.09*** (0.02)	0.01 (0.02)	0.01 (0.02)
Died	−0.23*** (0.02)	−0.22*** (0.02)	−0.22*** (0.02)
Married	−0.02 (0.02)	−0.02 (0.02)	−0.02 (0.02)
Urban	0.06*** (0.02)	0.06*** (0.02)	0.06*** (0.02)
Education (primary or less = 0)	0.09*** (0.02)	0.09*** (0.02)	0.09*** (0.02)
Income (lowest 20% = 0)	0.08*** (0.02)	0.08*** (0.02)	0.07** (0.02)
Working (not working = 0)	0.14*** (0.02)	0.13*** (0.02)	0.13*** (0.02)
Medically insured (not insured = 0)	0.01 (0.02)	0.02 (0.02)	0.02 (0.02)
Drinking	0.12*** (0.02)	0.12*** (0.02)
Smoking	0.05** (0.02)	0.05** (0.02)
Skipped Generation × Income	0.14** (0.06)
Three Generation × Income	0.00 (0.03)
Random effects–variance components
Level 1: within-person	0.15***	0.14***	0.13***	0.13***
Level 2: in intercept	0.02*	0.02*	0.01	0.01
Level 2: in linear growth rate	0.21***	0.20***	0.20***	0.20***
Goodness-of-fit
BIC (smaller is better)	34,501.60	34,241.70	34,177.00	34,178.70
−2 Log likelihood	34,467.00	34,207.10	34,142.50	34,144.10

Notes. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001 (two-tailed test); BIC = Bayesian Information Criterion.